Iranian Journal of Sociology

Abstract According to various statistics, researches, and polls, the rate of law-breaking in Iran is high. In this study, we seek to identify the factors affecting the violation of the law among the provinces of Iran. The theoretical framework of the research is based on theories of deviance and social development. Also, the explanatory factors of law-breaking were divided into two categories: attitudinal factors and structural factors. Then, Chalabi's theory of behavior function has been used to identify and explain combinations of factors affecting the law-breaking among the Iranians. Our research approach was the comparative-fuzzy analysis and due to the thematic and theoretical scope of the study, we used the secondary data analysis technique. The data were analyzed with the use of SPSS and FSQCA software. Based on the results, by examining the causal conditions affecting lawlessness in all provinces of the country, two paths (combination) leading to a tendency towards law-breaking were observed. In the first path, four conditions of the tendency to low order, social confusion, literacy, and unemployment rate combined led to a tendency towards breaking the law. However, in the second path, we had the five conditions of feeling justice, the tendency to low order, social confusion, literacy, and urbanization. Also, the total compatibility coefficient in these two causal paths was equal to 0.95. This compatibility with a coverage index of 0.59 indicates the theoretical and experimental importance of these two paths.
 
 

Abstract In this research, we attempted to determine the conceptual and theoretical gaps in Weber's theory of charismatic leadership and construct an ideal type of charismatic leadership using Weber's ideal type. This new ideal type must be sociological and have the empirical-historical test capability. Accordingly, first we examined the theoretical ambiguities in Weber's theory of charisma. Secondly, based on Weber's views and those of his main commentators, we constructed two main approaches to charisma. Focusing on individual characteristics, the first approach tries to explain the causes of charisma. The second approach focuses more on the followers' perceptions and responses to charisma, as well as on the objective and subjective conditions of charisma formation. It has been argued that a follower-oriented approach is a sociological approach that can be examined experimentally. In this approach, the validity of charisma stems from the approval and acceptance of followers. In addition, the followers look for a charismatic savior in certain psychological conditions. Thus, changes, social crises, and structural changes in society are considered to be the main causes of the emergence of charismatic leaders.

Abstract This study intends to focus on the queue, as one of the semiotic resources in the young girls' educational experiences, to represent the semantic system formed in the intersubjectivity space of the social actors. In this regard, the narratives of thirteen young Mashhadi girls from the queue have been analyzed based on the social semiotic approach of Van Leeuwen. The results of this study showed that the queue as an arena for disciplinary power introduces students to the educational process, which consists of a set of unequal and mainly stereotypical interactions, and with a high concentration on the continuity of its formal symbols. This process ultimately leads students to a kind of subjugation and alienation. In other words, the queue, which appears to be a means of teaching law in the school, in practice, draws students to passive and disempowering processes. As a result, they see their education separate from themselves and ultimately become subordinate actors.