Iranian Journal of Sociology

Abstract Going through the darkness towards light is a nice allegory previously used to show the development of a human capacities potential capacities which are not possible to be realized as active ones or are depressed by human. The allegory of Plato’s cave is based on the same allegory. As a matter of fact, the mentioned allegory indicates the current status of human being compared to perfection. The movie Cow by Daryush Mehrjooei shows these human transformations. This film shows a person who is standing on the border of darkness and light, who suddenly falls into darkness. This article is to re-read the film Cow and explain its anthropological patterns. To glean the concepts, we employed the qualitative content analysis method. In conclusion, it is claimed that redemption and desirable socialization is a gradual long-term process that is dependent on cultural patterns.
 
 

Abstract By an anthological critic, this study attempts to emancipate the other from the dominance of the subject (dominant religious discourse); however, the goal is not to reverse such a relation. But the main objective of this study is to show the fundamental relation between the subject and the other. The concepts which have been born out of theoretical articulation (Burger, Bakhtin, Ranciere) are based on the relation between the subject and the other. By this standpoint, the other is not an object among the plurality of cognition objects to be grasped by the subject. The other, in fact, possesses its subjectivity (cognitive subject), which is lost in every moment due to the mediation of special social, historical, political, and cultural conditions. The question is: What is the relationship between religious pluralism and the intertextuality? In other words, what is the relationship between religious tolerance and I in a social context? By examining research literature, we attempted to identify the relation of the other with the subject regarding the dialectic of tolerance and negation.  Following that, we extracted a theoretical-conceptual model to provide the possibility of revealing the complexities of descriptions and analysis. Based on Berger's theory of religion, the subjects obtain a partial autonomy (against the heteronomy of classic standpoint). Therefore, with the help of a marketing religion, the subjects can look for their favorite goods. Through the mediate of this autonomy of subjects (Kantian cognitive subject), the encounter of subjects with the other is not of a one-sided and authoritarian one. Also, this encounter which is replete with dialogue and dialogism (Bakhtinian Dialogue), places the subject among different meanings and signs. These meanings invite the subject to construct logical articulations from the phenomena which rise up against the subject in the market of religion. The hierarchies that reconstruct the other as an object which lacks consciousness get deconstructed, and the other, as a subject, gets liable to cognition of plural objects (Rancerian Politics) which will, in turn, be supplied in this market.

Abstract The purpose of present paper is to investigation about Freud's ideas on subjectivity and it’s relation to ideological subject of Althusser. At first, Freud, as a social philosopher, will be scrutinized and then his view will be compared to Althusser's opinion on subject. Ego, in Freud's thought can be interpreted as subject in sociological and philosophical debates. Subject (or Ego), in psychoanalytic view, through defense mechanisms, distorts the reality and the imaginary, and assumes his/herself as an autonomous subject. In this way Althusserian view on subject shows that subject, in imaginary way, assumes his/herself as an autonomous actor. Only under interpellation of ideology the subject can be a language-user subject. This process occurs at an unconsciousness level. Reviewing sociological aspects of Freud’s works on subject, we will show that ego defense mechanisms have characteristics, which ideology uses to distort the reality.