Iranian Journal of Sociology

Abstract Addiction to substances such as alcohol and marijuana as a global problem has taken a lot of time and money and even political and social actors all over the world. The main purpose of this study is a qualitative analysis of alcohol and marijuana use among girls in the city of Yasuj.
The present study was conducted with a qualitative approach and grounded theory method. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with 13 addict girls based on the grounded theory method and snowball sampling method. Data analysis was done by the method of extracting themes based on the sentence analysis unit and the three-steps coding method of open, axial and selective coding to identify the prominent themes and organize the research findings.
Based on the thematic analysis of the interviews, 9 categories related to the process of alcohol and marijuana use are "low self-esteem and attempts to attract men's attention", "inappropriate family context", "targeted consumption", "economic aspects of consumption" "Ease of use and access", "Inefficiency of legal surveillance devices", "Scope of consumption", "Failure attempts for complete liberation" and "Experience of multiple injuries". These categories were categorized under the core category of "alcohol consumption as an inappropriate social constructivism and portentous self-medication of women."
Alcohol and marijuana use, as an emerging phenomenon, is a growing trend among girls, which demands policymakers’ attention in the field of coping and prevention.

Abstract Academic participants given the dominance of constructivist theories in academia, they use constructivism to describe this problem And because of the possibility of exacerbating the subject's disability by relativism of the constructivist approach, they make a cognitive turn towards the critical approach, but behaviorally and emotionally, due to the experience of the intervention of power blocs in the idea of indigenous science, they turn to a positivist approach and adapt the solution to a predetermined and standard sociology. According to the process analysis of the systematic grounded theory, this dichotomy and shift from a constructivist to a critical, and then a positivist, approach is more a function of a political and pragmatic move to conservatively critique power in Iran. But the adoption of this paradoxical model can lead to the reproduction of the current state of sociology in Iran by intensifying the lack of adherence to intellectual traditions and paradigms

Abstract  
Despite some claims about the death of class, It is still an essential issue in sociological studies of the medium range and especially in determining religious preferences in such a way that religious activists tend to religious styles related and appropriate to their socio-economic situation. In other words, people with different socio-economic situations have different religious tastes. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the religious taste of the urban lower class. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and grounded theory method. The participants in this research are religious activists from the urban lower class in Shahrekord, who were selected through purposeful criterion-based sampling. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with eighteen people of this class. In order to analyze the data, open, central ,and selective coding methods were used, and Guba and Lincoln criteria were used to ensure validity and reliability. The findings show eighteen selected categories in the form of a paradigmatic model with a main category (ritualization of religion), causal conditions (collectivism, traditionalism, fatalism ,and being emotional), contextual conditions (ritual-oriented religious socialization), intervention conditions (low social-economic status), strategies (ritual religiosity, emotional religiosity, mediated religiosity, obligatory religiosity, hereditary religiosity ,and fatalistic religiosity) and consequences (religious reductionism, religious formalism, carnivalization of rituals, maddah-oriented, religious embodiment) is organized. The results show that rituals have a prominent, important ,and influential place in the religious taste of the urban lower class ,and it is not possible to determine this place without understanding the logic of popular religion and understanding the logic of rituals in popular religion.

Abstract Iran has implemented various population control policies during the past decades, and policies have had deep impacts on family as the smallest unit of society especially on women. This paper examines the Islamic Republic’s population policies and their impacts on unintended pregnancies. We employed grounded theory and carried out semi-structured interviews with 23 three participants who had experienced unintended pregnancies. To select the participants, we did purposeful and access sampling methods; this process stopped when we reached the saturation point. Generally speaking, 452 concepts, 47 sub-categories, and 15 main categories were extracted from the data. Then, the “dissatisfaction with government’s interference” and “imposed pregnancy” In addition, the mediating factors were poverty and expensiveness. The participants’ strategies were as follows: asking for supporting packages and suppressing demands which in turn put more pressure on low income families and create dissatisfaction.

Abstract The main aim of this study was to investigate the causes and consequences of domestic violence among the perpetrators of domestic violence in the cities of Tazeh Abad and Javanroud in Kermanshah province, after the 2018 earthquake. The paper also attempted to examine the understanding of the perpetrators of violence from the causes, intervening conditions and contexts of domestic violence, and its consequences. The research method is grounded theory, the required data of which was obtained through semi-structured interviews with 11 perpetrators of domestic violence. Since our methodology is qualitative, we used a purposeful sampling method to select the respondents. By analyzing the gathered data, we extracted 298 concepts, 39 subcategories, and 14 main categories. The findings revealed that authoritarian violence leads to cold relationships in the family, and concealment of disability leads to remorse and personality damage.
 

Abstract The present study addresses the stereotyped attitudes and perceptions of the Kurdish ethnic groups (Huram, Soran, and Kalhor) and their consequences using grounded theory. The statistical population consisted of men and women of Kurdish ethnic groups, living in Kermanshah city and a sample of 28 people were selected from the three dialects by the use of purposeful sampling. The content of the interviews was coded and analyzed in three stages. In the open coding, 115 codes were obtained. Next, the codes were reduced to eight axial codes in the second step. The results showed that the perception and description of the groups were influenced by ethnicity and the superiority of one's own group. Moreover, the intensity of the stereotypes and the ethnic distance between the two groups of Huram and Soran with Kalhor is greater than that of Huram and Soran.
 

Abstract The main implications of the Islamic hijab are strengthening the foundation of family, preventing sexual immorality, and preventing female objectification. In this study, we studied women and men’s perception of veil and sexuality using an inductive approach. For this purpose, we used grounded theory as our research method. The data were collected through deep interviews and direct observation. The population of the study consisted of men and women aged 25-40 years old and the sample included 16 women and 8 men that were selected using theoretical sampling.
According to the results, the main theme that explains the relationship between sexuality and the hijab is “facing sexuality types”. These types include experiencing sexuality, attitudes towards sexuality, and sexual attractions that shape the individuals’ interpretation of hijab and sexuality. In addition to this, the causal factors such as social change, Islamic hijab characteristics, and following peer group and demographic factors like religious affiliation, family upbringing, geographic location, semantic anomy and patriarchal society influence “facing sexuality types”. The outcomes of the main theme are: having different standards in choosing the dress, classifying hijab types based on the perception of sexuality, using various strategies to manage their clothing, conformity with the existing definition of hijab, and thinking about the hijab concept.

Abstract Suicide refers to a deliberate and conscious action of ending the person's life. The evidence suggested that the suicide rate is increasing in the contemporary world. This phenomenon is considered a social problem, a high-risk behavior, and a disease by sociologists, criminologists, psychologists, and physicialus. The present article attempted to investigate the failed suicide attempts of women in the city of Ilam using the grounded theory. The research population was the women Iranian who committed suicide. After doing twenty interviews, we reached theoretical saturation. To measure the research reliability, 3 techniques were used: analytical comparison, respondents' opinions, and experts' opinions. In the end, the main hypothesis was extracted by analyzing and coding the interviews. Findings revealed that the reasons for suicide were: tension in life, dysfunctional families, belief in change, belief in freedom, economic context, incomplete social-religious socialization, normative pressure, and normative contradiction with reality.

Abstract Using Karl Popper's critique of positivism and inductivism, we attempted to criticize the main bases of grounded theory. According to grounded theory, social reality can be understood by emptying our mind from any prejudgements and ethical valuation in the research process, but emphasizing on observation, paying attention to the differences and similarities of data, and dedcting abstract concepts. We argue that, in practice, this claim is not true and it leads to a distorted social reality. Following these principles makes social researchers become an information worker and not a critic of social reality. Therefore, not only the science of sociology loses its critical aspect but also justifies the status quo.
 
 

Abstract Some sociologists have Pouinted out how people use music and art display to show their social status. They all suggest cultural consumption and taste can be seen as symbolic communication and a means of establishing social relationships, networks and status groups. It has also been argued that the symbolic communication or status is much more important in modern times and urban environment, because of the frequency of superficial social contacts in these locations. This article, studies the relationship between social Language Challenge, Nostalgia, and Weakening Network. Finally, Reconstructing/deconstructing were the core category constructed from data to explain the impact that modernization consequences has on the Ouramat region. The people of Ouraman perceived modernization consequences as bestowing the modern ways of life and growth of the region while simultaneously threatening cultural beliefs and the traditional way of life. The results are presented in a paradigm model consisting of conditions, interactions and consequences around the core category and can be used to understand the impact of change from the introduction of modern education can have on a traditional society.