Iranian Journal of Sociology

Abstract Rites of passage consist of three stages: the beginning, the middle, and the end. These rites involve the roles of a mentor and spectators, and the inability to complete them leads to frustration and social stigma. There is no return to the previous stage in rites of passage. A similar situation can be observed in migration, where a specific decision marks the start of the rite of passage. Individuals go through hard stages like legal and regulatory preparations and soft stages like changing habits and lifestyles. Preparing for migration can be seen as a kind of rite of passage, where the mentors, rituals, and rules gradually become defined and recognized. Entering the rites of migration involves a suspension of life that can be brief or prolonged. Migration without any changes in lifestyle is rare

Abstract The management of the development process, characterized by unequal interventions and access by elites, along with the performance of political institutions as drivers of development, is considered a significant factor influencing the distribution of development benefits between regions. The disparity in benefitting from developmental opportunities will result in population mobility and increased migration to urban centers and metropolises, consistently directing development policy towards central areas. In this article, alongside referencing theoretical foundations and reviewing previous research, we have examined the empirical aspects and governmental development measures based on an inductive approach, utilizing a mixed method incorporating two qualitative methodologies: document analysis of registered data and information, and qualitative interviews. In exploring the structural factors and political decisions influencing migration, registered data from documents compiled by the Budget and Planning Organization have been utilized, while qualitative interviews have been employed to elucidate the reasons and primary motives driving individuals' inclination towards migration. The research findings indicate the predominance of a centralized pattern in development policymaking. Examination of indicators reveals that a balanced and equitable distribution of development among provincial cities has not been achieved, with migration stemming from the unequal allocation of resources commensurate with the potentials and capacities of regions. Until there is a shift towards balancing the distribution of resources and acknowledging regional capacities in the implementation of development policies by policymakers and executors, the issue of population distribution imbalance will persist unresolved.  

Abstract Language is the basic element of culture and is affected by the socio-cultural changes, in general and by wars, as the most important social phenomena, in particular. This discussion aims at studying the impacts and consequences of the War, such as migration and language interference by applying migration and social linguistics theories. To collect data, a field study method is employed and the research techniques are participatory observation and narrative interview. The research population is the Sar Poul Zahab's inhabitants, a city which is located in Kermanshah province, Iran. Findings show that migration, as a considerable consequence of the War plays a key role in cultural changes which in turn lead to changes in the other aspects of life, such as language. To sum it up, it should be said that in the mentioned area we see new forms of linguistic concepts, some language interference, language death and recreation of folklore in the intercultural communication of this area.