Iranian Journal of Sociology

Abstract In Iran, due to reasons such as the weakness in the lack of civil movements and organizations, the divergence of subcultures, the lack of a vision based on a written program in order to design and explain an appropriate model of nation-building, and Such other cases, the nation-building project has always remained unsuccessful and incomplete, and we have always witnessed that this category has not progressed in parallel with state-building. In fact, the nation is a soft and abstract concept, and creating a nation structure requires providing specific materials and materials in order to establish the form of a sustainable nation and bring it to the forefront. These infrastructures can be described in dimensions and indicators such as the state of social communications, ease of movement of elites, integration in the fields of culture and language, strengthening and rationalizing bureaucratic processes, in order to complete the nation-building project. Accordingly, the main question of this research is: based on what model can the development of the nation and the nation-building process in Iran be designed and explained? In response to this assumption, it can be proposed that the development of the nation requires the existence of infrastructures and mechanisms based on considering it as a project in various cultural, social and political dimensions, appropriate to the structure and context of Iranian society, by the government, elites, civil institutions, parties, organizations and the people. It should be noted that this research, using the causal method and utilizing the theoretical framework of nation-building by Karl Deutsch, seeks to explain this issue and answer the main question of the research, namely the failure to realize a new model of nation-building

Abstract The aim of this study was to explain the pattern of rural to urban conversion with emphasis on the right to rural settlements in the city of Qale Now. To select the research sample population, non-probability sampling methods based on purpose and theoretical sampling have been used. Interviews were conducted until theoretical saturation (20 people). MAXQDA software was used to analyze the data. In this way, those categories that are closely related to each other were placed in a main category. As a result of data coding and compression of 25 concepts in open coding, 5 main categories were obtained in axial coding. Negative consequences of social and identity structure, the most important goals of rural-urban transformation, changes made after urbanization, realization of the right to living space and governing mechanisms in rural-urban transformation are the main and pivotal categories on which the data theory is based.

Abstract Comparative historical analysis is one of the most important and efficient methodologies in contemporary social sciences. It seems that this methodology can help us develop C. Wright Mills's concepts of sociological imagination.  Theda Skocpol, under the influence of Mills, employed sociology's historical imagination in analyzing social problems.  He argues that there are three approaches to historical sociology: interpretive historical sociology, macro-historical sociology, and analytical historical sociology. In this paper, the characteristics of comparative historical analysis are explained and then the application of this methodology is clarified in analyzing Iran s problems. In the end, the limitations and possibilities are mentioned.

Abstract The emergance of intellectual groups in Iran and its aftermath , the beginning of intellectual movement with the aim of modernization as its goal, is related to the threshold of Constitution. Intellectuals had an important historical role at the era of Constitution until the epoch of the first Pahlavi. They were pioneers of modernity and modernization in the country. The social and mind origin of those intellectuals and the concepts and issues they were involved are the basic subjects of historical sociology and one of the basic debate in the realm of Sociology of intellectuals in Iran. The identity of these intellectuals and the nature of their social and political thoughts, the issue that how they perform their social and historical roles, their social status and their relationships with people and state are the basic objects in this research. The methodology of research is analytical and critical approach by using meta analysis and historical method this way we use Weberian approach in historical events and reconstruction them; also the views of other thinkers like Parsons, Gramsic, Mannheim and so on about the social roles of intellectuals have been used. The basic aim of this research , is sociological explanation of social and political role of intellectuals in the Constitution era and the epoch of the firs Pahlavi period and search of response for this question that: "Why intellectuals protect their influentioal social and political situations. To answer this question, some assumptions have presented and been studies. the results of the research show that some Iranian intellectuals in the constitution era by adoptiong reductionism (to reduce modern concepts to traditional one) and some others by taking French Enlightenment pattern which was followed by violence strategy cause to disappear their influential social and political situations in society. Also the eroded structure of society and it's dominated traditional culture and destructive role of traditional culture's protectors and absolutely minority of educated strata and middle class were effective on stratification and cultural (musical) consumption. We measure social stratification with class and status and cultural consumption with kind and frequency of consumption. To investigate the research assumptions, first, we have classified kinds of music to categories (elite/mass position) and second, we have gathered data through survey method among four districts of tehran as the areas showing high and low class and status symbols. In addition to the survey method and the questionnaire, the library method was also used for determining some of the references concerning the relationship between social stratification and cultural consumption. The Findings show that relationship between social stratification and Cultural Consumption. The Findings show that relationship between social stratification and cultural (musical) consumption if a positive and significant relationship; status, rather than class, is correlative with kind and frequency of cultural (musical) consumption; people who belong to high status prefer consuming elite music and people who belong to low status prefer consuming mass music.