Iranian Journal of Sociology

Abstract The main aim of the present study is to investigate the married people’s attitude towards emotional divorce. For this purpose, 400 married people were selected from Khorramabad city using a cluster sampling method. The independent variables of the research were social trust, commitment to social norms, and habitus. Also in order to measure the emotional divorce, we constructed a scale based on Chalabi and Baudrillard’s theories. The descriptive results showed that %41 of married people had a positive attitude toward emotional divorce, while%31 had a negative attitude about it. Multiple regression analysis revealed that %44 of attitudes toward emotional divorce are explained by a decrease in social trust and commitment to social norms and an increase in habitus differences. In a path analysis, social trust has had the most influence and the commitment to social norms have the least effect on the attitude of married individuals to emotional divorce.

Abstract Scientific associations as an important institution play significant roles in society. Therefore, the study of their functions, structures, and identification of influential factors on strengthening their functions are of significant. The statistical population of this study is all undergraduate students of Ferdowsi University in the academic year of 2018-2019- totally 9977 students. 150 students were selected as the random sampling in this research. Finally, with the use of SPSS and the suitable tests, the data was analyzed. 
 Descriptive results showed that the level of students' social participation in scientific associations was low (40%). Furthermore, social trust, the efficiency of scientific associations, the benefits of association membership and the relationship of the associations with departments as the dependent variables were better. Plus, the inferential analysis demonstrated that there was a significant correlation between the dependent variables and the students' social participation. It is also important to note that the path analysis that the dependent variables, except for association efficiency, explained 20% of the changes in social participation.
 
 

Abstract The present paper attempted to measure the sense of belonging to the Iranian society and studied its influential factors. The social belonging variable was defined in two dimensions: emotional belonging and practical belonging. For this purpose, we selected 1016 people from the 22 regions of Tehran as our sample and distributed the researcher-made questionnaire to them. The research findings revealed that belongingness in Iranian society is at an average level and the variables of religious belonging, social trust, rationality, and socio-economic status have associations with the belongingness. They also demonstrated that the background variables such as educational level, age, and marital status are related to the dependent variable explained 0/325 changes in emotional belonging and 0/321 in practical belonging. We also realized that rationality and religious belongings had influenced social belonging differently.

Abstract The present research intends to examine and compare the social participation of the young in Iran and Tajikistan. With the use of multi-stage cluster sampling in Tehran and Dushanbe , we selected 768 people from the young aged 20-29. Then we designed a questionnaire to collect the data. To evaluate validity indices, formal content validity was used and to evaluate reliability indices, we used Cronbach's alpha coefficients. The research findings indicate that there were not significant differences between those two societies. Besides, there were significant relationships between social trust, the orientation of social action, social interaction, social values, socialization, social anomie, alienation, relative deprivation, soci-economic status, marital status, employment status- as independent variables- and social participation of the young in both societies. In total, 54% of the variance of social participation was explained by those independent variables.

Abstract Studies show that what has been the focus of attention in empirical understandings of partnership includes attending to participation criterions, participatory activities and sometimes investigating its barriers. Besides emphasizing such studies, this paper with prioritizing participation criterions, takes the spirit of partnership as its first priority. Furthermore, the paper tries to investigate this subject matter with reference to theoretical issues, reliance on utilitarian concepts and discussing subjects like social alienation, life satisfaction and faith. The study used multi-stage sampling and distributed 400 questionnaires among the Islamic Azad University students of district seven of the country (Kerman and Hormozgan provinces). The findings show that with the exception of the life satisfaction variable, all other assumptions are meaningful although the rate and direction of their impact is different. In addition the regression coefficient indicates the greater effect of the variables of decline of religious beliefs, opposition of values and social faith on changes of dependent variable.

Abstract The Sense of Security is considered as a prerequisite for social, economic, cultural and political development. Social capital is also an important factor that plays a crucial role in the course of cultural and economic development. The present paper examines relationships between social capital and the sense of social security in the city of Yazd. Data was collected through a survey questionnaire administered in the face to face interview conducted in 2011, with a sample of 246 respondents selected through the proportionate cluster sampling technique. The sense of social security is measured with twelve components including the sense of physical security, financial security, economic security, job security, moral security, cultural security, emotional security, affective security, belief-related security, judicial security, legal security, and honor security. Social capital is also measured in three dimensions of social trust, social networks and social norms. Findings of the study indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between three dimensions of social capital and the sense of social security. The results show that sustainable forms of social security are formed under the condition that there is a high degree of social capital in the society. As a result, strengthening of social capital in the society will reinforce the individual and community's sense of security and at the same time can facilitate comprehensive development of society.

Abstract The youth defined as persons of 15 to 29 years of age, account for about 35 percent of Iran’s population. Such significant percentage may be considered a comparative advantage for the country. However, if this opportunity is not used properly it can become a serious threat. Thus, developing policies and plans for this age group is a major priority. Social capital alongside other forms of capital can facilitate envisaged planning processes and help realize planning objectives. In this article, we present a multidimensional scale developed to measure social capital among the Iranian youth.  Using this scale, a survey of 4,500 persons in the age bracket of 15-29 (drawn from across the Iranian provinces) has been conducted. Results indicate weak social capital among the surveyed youth, in particular in terms of relations with associations and trust placed on non-acquaintances and officials. The effect of social and individual characteristics on social capital is found to be significant. In light of the significance of the aforementioned relations as well as the dominance of traditional social capital among the youth, enhancing the social milieu, strengthening civil institutions, and improving attitudes and actions of individuals are seen as necessary.

Abstract   This paper tries to criticize the linear (evolutionary) reading of Durkheim`s theory- which ignored all different histories in the favor of dominant history- either at evolutionary material determination level or at the level of its approach to consciousness. for  this reason by constructing the concept of gravity of mechanical solidarity  proposes  a dialectical relationship between various kinds of solidarity in different historical periods. This is primarily  based on Giddens`s discontinuist interpretation of modern history  and avoiding transitional period approach. Then in empirical level, by operationalzing the above concepts and applying quantitative methods in Tehran, the relationship between gravity of mechanical solidarity  and abnormal Forms has been examined. In so doing, the effect of particular concepts inscribed in abnormal Forms on gravity of mechanical solidarity    has been revealed. And several phenomena which previous readings were enable to explain or consider them as exceptional has been conceptualized.   

Abstract  In the third millennium, is expected from holders of knowledge with having social capital, especially in academic areas, while creating new knowledge as a latent capital, in order to promote community problems, Could play an active role. In this base, The aim of this research is The sociological Study ofSocial capital (arise of Bourdieu, Coleman, Putnam, and Fukuyama) impact on knowledge creation (arise of Nonaka, Takeuchi &…)in Isfahan university. Research method of this study was Survey, statistical population including academic members of IsfahanUniversity (1387) that 142 person of them were selected by Cochran Formula, based on random Sampling. Technique of the study was Questionnaire. Statistical method was including, Multiple Regression and Path Analysis. To assess Path Coefficient, LISREL Method Estimated has been used. All of the data set was analyzed (get from questionnaire) by Spss₁₇ software. Result showed that there are significant relationships between social capital and knowledge creation, namely whatever increases social capital, the same extant, increases knowledge creation. R Adjusted Square showed that 19 percent of variations of dependent variable, explained by Independent variables. Other impacts related to another variables, which we did not considered them.