Iranian Journal of Sociology

Abstract The aim objective of this paper is to investigate how being Facebook users can affect both relative deprivation and life satisfaction among active and non-active Facebook users.  To provide an answer, the research data was collected through two different stages; at the first stage we distributed survey questionnaires among 2437 samples in Tehran and examined how being Facebook user can affect relative deprivation among active and non-active Facebook users. In the second stage, and in order to complete the research results we distributed some 288 questionnaires among students at University of Payam Noor, focusing on the question of life satisfaction among active and non-active Facebook users.  In addition, we used direct and participatory observation to examine comments that were provided by Facebook users.  This method would have provided complementary evidence that could evaluate the validity and reliability of the two-stage research results. Some of the results indicate that being an active or non-active Facebook user can culminate into different consequences for the users. In other words, being a non-active Facebook user will increase feeling of relative deprivation.  This is while being a Facebook user not only does not have any effect on the amount of feeling relative deprivation but it will increase the sense of life satisfaction.  The results of direct and participatory observation indicted that some factors such as having a huge number of Facebook friends along with a great number of “likes” on the Facebook pages will bring popularity for the user.  It seems the effects of being a Facebook user among active and non-active ones is related to their trustworthiness and popularity.    

Abstract This article is about the notion of ideology in Gabriel Tarde’s sociology. In 19th century, inspired by the Leibnitz’s philosophy, Tarde pursued his project in comparison with Emil Durkheim’s sociology. Bruno Latour calls Tardean sociology as the sociology of transmission. This concept shows how that kind of sociology can challenge the dominant social and political ideology. Regarding the late sociology, it is important to study his thoughts. To understand the social agent, he proposes three terms: imitation, opposition and adaptation. For Tarde, the mentioned agent with his innovation can generate new social currents- the innovation develops through imitation process and becomes a socio-cultural phenomenon. Therefore, there is a changeable process in everyday life which starts with the smallest social elements and challenges the dominant ideology.