Iranian Journal of Sociology

Abstract The proper confrontation with new spiritual groups in the contemporary society is based on the scientific knowledge of this fact and the recognition of the path of their possible developments. Influenced by the growing process of globalization, emerging religious developments have common roots that help to identify the path of future developments. In this article, an attempt has been made to identify the roots of contemporary developments and speculate about their future path by examining the intellectual movements that have had decisive effects on new spiritual groups. For this purpose, the method of analysis and logical inference from some of the most important social researches is used (meta-analysis). Spiritual therapy, emphasizing inner talents and turning attention from an external source for salvation to the human self has been the most important legacies of pioneer movements on the growth of new spiritual groups.

Abstract  
Despite some claims about the death of class, It is still an essential issue in sociological studies of the medium range and especially in determining religious preferences in such a way that religious activists tend to religious styles related and appropriate to their socio-economic situation. In other words, people with different socio-economic situations have different religious tastes. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the religious taste of the urban lower class. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and grounded theory method. The participants in this research are religious activists from the urban lower class in Shahrekord, who were selected through purposeful criterion-based sampling. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with eighteen people of this class. In order to analyze the data, open, central ,and selective coding methods were used, and Guba and Lincoln criteria were used to ensure validity and reliability. The findings show eighteen selected categories in the form of a paradigmatic model with a main category (ritualization of religion), causal conditions (collectivism, traditionalism, fatalism ,and being emotional), contextual conditions (ritual-oriented religious socialization), intervention conditions (low social-economic status), strategies (ritual religiosity, emotional religiosity, mediated religiosity, obligatory religiosity, hereditary religiosity ,and fatalistic religiosity) and consequences (religious reductionism, religious formalism, carnivalization of rituals, maddah-oriented, religious embodiment) is organized. The results show that rituals have a prominent, important ,and influential place in the religious taste of the urban lower class ,and it is not possible to determine this place without understanding the logic of popular religion and understanding the logic of rituals in popular religion.

Abstract This article has been done with a qualitative methodological approach and with the method of narrative analysis. The participant sample is acute religious conversion in Tehran who have been selected by purposive sampling by a snowball method. In this؛ narrative interviews were conducted with 20 of these modifiers؛ 19 of whom provided accurate information about their conversion؛ and the research was saturated with this number. The findings showed that in the set of causes؛ the causes of socio-political؛ social-psychological؛ social-relationship were the most common causes of religious conversion among modifiers. This study showed that the stages of conversion in Tehran are different from what is stated in the theories of the scholars such as Rambo؛ Lofland؛ and Stark. The bottom line is that socio-political instability and insecurity and psychological turmoil are the most important explanatory causes for religious conversion

Abstract  
The study is conducted with the aim of studying the redefinition of religion in the everyday life experience of women in Tehran. For this purpose, qualitative approach and grounded theory method were used. Sampling was done in a targeted way and among the students born in the 50s and 60s of Islamic Azad Universities in Tehran. The data were analyzed at three levels of open, central and selective coding. The paradigm model resulting from the core categories also showed that the causal conditions for the phenomenon of redefinition of religion were the media's role in confronting religion, questioning personal experiences of religion, and the role of education in creating a new attitude towards religion. The results confirm that the religiosity of women has undergone many changes that it is necessary to pay attention to it in policy-making.