Iranian Journal of Sociology

Abstract Rites of passage consist of three stages: the beginning, the middle, and the end. These rites involve the roles of a mentor and spectators, and the inability to complete them leads to frustration and social stigma. There is no return to the previous stage in rites of passage. A similar situation can be observed in migration, where a specific decision marks the start of the rite of passage. Individuals go through hard stages like legal and regulatory preparations and soft stages like changing habits and lifestyles. Preparing for migration can be seen as a kind of rite of passage, where the mentors, rituals, and rules gradually become defined and recognized. Entering the rites of migration involves a suspension of life that can be brief or prolonged. Migration without any changes in lifestyle is rare

Abstract This research tries to answer these questions that who is an addict? And what makes addicts stay in recovery? The data of this research has been collected by documentary and qualitative methods. Samples in the direct observation method were the recovering addicts-sessions at NA, travelers of Congress60, group therapy sessions at Samen, addicts' family-sessions at, Nar-Anon, Cmanon, and co-travelers. Samples in the depth interview method were clinical psychologists, psychiatrists and social workers at specialized addiction treatment clinics, and Chitgar,Neday-Aramesh,Verdij camps. The results of research show that the addicted had the"mental illness of addiction" before addiction. In other words, he is "lazy" of Levinas. Based on the research results, we present the theory of Network of Social Relations in Addiction. Based on this theory, the addict has acquired the "mental illness of addiction" from his defective his/her social relations network, and in order to recover and stay in recovery, he must be placed in a network of new relationships with improved addicts.

Abstract Convenience and anonymity in choosing a spouse online helps people to achieve one of their main goals without the knowledge of family and friends, which is to create a romantic and committed relationship. The methodology of this article is based on the qualitative research strategy based on the method of thematic analysis of the collected data of 34 members of online dating groups was designed. For this purpose, relying on targeted sampling, interviews were conducted and theoretical saturation was obtained. Then the interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. The main themes identified are motivation (with two sub-themes of external motivation and internal motivation), anonymity (with concepts of entertainment and pastime, false goal, dishonesty, expected girls and distrust), deception (fake and concealment). The mentioned themes are associated with the theories of diffusion of innovation, use-satisfaction, and presumption of truth. Based on the conversations obtained, choosing a spouse online was divided into two groups: "avoidance of binding environments" and "avoidance of isolating environments".

Abstract Marriage under the age of 15 is called early marriage or child marriage, which is a sign of discrimination and violence against women. This phenomenon is a global problem and it is increasing in developing countries due to economic and cultural factors The paper aims at discovering the relationship between macroeconomic indicators and early marriage during .2010-2013 based on the data provided by Iran Statistical Centre. This is a "secondary analysis" based on previously collected data. The statistical population of the study are all 31 provinces of the country and the time interval between 2011 to 2021 have been studied. Excel and SPSS 25 data analysis tools and Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regressions were used. Pearson's test shows that provinces with higher unemployment rate (r=0.366) and higher fertility rate (r=-0.363) had the highest rate of early marriage. Finally, the regression model indicates that the macroeconomic index variables (coefficient Gini = 0.334, unemployment rate = 0.321, changes in inflation rate = 0.297, and changes in the Gini coefficient = 0.282 have a significant effect on the rate of early marriage in all provinces respectively. As a result, it can be said that increase in the rate of inflation and unemployment as well as Gini coefficient between 2012 and 2021 are significant factors in explaining increase the proportion of marriages under 15 in all provinces of the country