J. Mohammadi; A.a. Vedadhir; F. Mohammadi
Volume 13, Issue 4 , December 2013, , Pages 1-23
Abstract
The main purpose of this article is to study the relationship
between the cultural capital and lifestyle among the middle class citizens of
Sanandaj city, Kurdistan, Iran. The theoretical hypothesis behind this issue
is that lifestyles are shaped in relation to the types and degree of social
capitals ...
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The main purpose of this article is to study the relationship
between the cultural capital and lifestyle among the middle class citizens of
Sanandaj city, Kurdistan, Iran. The theoretical hypothesis behind this issue
is that lifestyles are shaped in relation to the types and degree of social
capitals in society. Also, lifestyles have a main role in constructing
identities, meanings, attitudes, schemas, tastes and behaviors. The
theoretical framework of this article is based on Bourdieu, Chaney, Sobel
and Giddens’s viewpoints in the social sciences. The population comprises
of Sanandaj middle class residents from which a sample has been selected
according to its main internal strata. Also, we used the questionnaire to
gather the data and information. The findings show that there is a positive
and meaningful correlation between cultural capital and its different forms
with lifestyle. Among the different forms of cultural capital, the embodied
one has the most degree of relationship with lifestyle among the middle
class residents of Sanandaj city.
H Abdolahian; A Haghgoie
Volume 10, Issue 4 , December 2010, , Pages 1-41
A. Dehghani; E. Towfigh
Volume 18, Issue 2 , July 2017, , Pages 1-27
Abstract
Tehran is a city which is being reproduced, constantly.This means that the contemporary Tehran was formed when a new logic dominated this reproduction process. This research studied the history of Tehran with a genealogical perspective to find the previous logics and make a clear image of ...
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Tehran is a city which is being reproduced, constantly.This means that the contemporary Tehran was formed when a new logic dominated this reproduction process. This research studied the history of Tehran with a genealogical perspective to find the previous logics and make a clear image of contemporary order of the city, and how and why this order has been generated.
From 1989 with the changes in the government’s economic approaches, and in the urban management, a relation has been formed in which the city and space as commodities are being traded. This capitalistic relation is provided by suspension of urban rules. This new form of urban informality becomes possible with help of the urban projects and the authority of management institutions like the Commission of the Fifth Article. Using the theory of urbanization of capital by David Harvey, and the theory of urban informality by Ananya Roy & Nezar AlSayyad, this research tries to analyze the new logic of Tehran and the role of effective factors and forces.
Abotorab Talebi; Sajjad Alizade
Abstract
Discrimination and ethnic inequality against the Kurds have been the subject of concerns and public debate both inside and outside of Iran for decades, but the ethnic experiences of the Kurds within the social fields of Iran including universities have rarely been the subject of empirical studies. So, ...
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Discrimination and ethnic inequality against the Kurds have been the subject of concerns and public debate both inside and outside of Iran for decades, but the ethnic experiences of the Kurds within the social fields of Iran including universities have rarely been the subject of empirical studies. So, we applied the exploratory approach to the study of the ethnic lived experience of Kurdish students in the Iranian universities, focusing on the experiences of discrimination and inequality in four universities including Tabriz, Tehran, Allamah, and Kurdistan. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 Kurdish students. Interviews data were analyzed by thematic analysis, which resulted in 11 main themes and 11 sub-themes. The findings showed that university's experiences for Kurdish students include significant aspects of discrimination, inequality and ethnic exclusion in both formal and informal spheres of university.
A. Heydary
Volume 13, Issue 3 , September 2012, , Pages 3-24
Abstract
The purpose of present paper is to investigation about Freud's
ideas on subjectivity and it’s relation to ideological subject of Althusser. At
first, Freud, as a social philosopher, will be scrutinized and then his view
will be compared to Althusser's opinion on subject. Ego, in Freud's thought
can ...
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The purpose of present paper is to investigation about Freud's
ideas on subjectivity and it’s relation to ideological subject of Althusser. At
first, Freud, as a social philosopher, will be scrutinized and then his view
will be compared to Althusser's opinion on subject. Ego, in Freud's thought
can be interpreted as subject in sociological and philosophical debates.
Subject (or Ego), in psychoanalytic view, through defense mechanisms,
distorts the reality and the imaginary, and assumes his/herself as an
autonomous subject. In this way Althusserian view on subject shows that
subject, in imaginary way, assumes his/herself as an autonomous actor.
Only under interpellation of ideology the subject can be a language-user
subject. This process occurs at an unconsciousness level. Reviewing
sociological aspects of Freud’s works on subject, we will show that ego
defense mechanisms have characteristics, which ideology uses to distort the
reality.
O. Ghaderzadeh; K. Piri
Volume 14, Issue 1 , March 2011, , Pages 3-29
Abstract
During the recent years, suicide has increased dramatically among the Abdanani youths. To describing the experience and understanding suicide and phenomenal world and the consequences of this action is of great importance in gaining full knowledge of the world-life of the youths. This research is conducted ...
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During the recent years, suicide has increased dramatically among the Abdanani youths. To describing the experience and understanding suicide and phenomenal world and the consequences of this action is of great importance in gaining full knowledge of the world-life of the youths. This research is conducted based on qualitative method and existentialist phenomenology is used to carry out the field research; the data are analyzed using colaizzi method. The findings indicate that those who committed suicide have seen it as a facilitation, breaking with tradition, and escaping reality .Therefore, different feelings and understandings of suicide have developed among the subjects under study, ranging from accepting to rejecting suicide. The participants’ experience and understanding of phenomenal world, implies despair and continuity of calamities. Suicide has different consequences and effects on the organic body of those committing it which can be categorized under two main topics: “fragility of the physical body” and “phenomenal isolation of the body”. Semantic constructs suggest that those committing suicide are experiencing a complicated, unsafe and problematic world-life.
S. Pakseresht; B. Safari
Volume 14, Issue 3 , September 2012, , Pages 3-30
Abstract
The incongruity between different dimensions of social status has specific consequences at both individual and structural levels. At the individual level, one of these consequences is the effect it has on political attitudes and behaviors. For several studies so far conducted, there is a lack of sufficient ...
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The incongruity between different dimensions of social status has specific consequences at both individual and structural levels. At the individual level, one of these consequences is the effect it has on political attitudes and behaviors. For several studies so far conducted, there is a lack of sufficient consensus, although most of these studies usually emphasize some type of dissatisfaction among the inconsistent people. Our basic hypothesis is that the status inconsistency, defined as the discrepancy between one’s ranks with respect to education, income and occupational prestige, brings about certain political attitudes (opposition to the status quo, authoritarianism and being revolutionary) through engendering injustice feeling in the individual. Indeed, the effect of status inconsistency on political attitudes is moderated by variables such as religiosity, fatalism, age, powerlessness, politically opinionated and dependence on the ruling power. The population consists of all 23 or older persons from the urban regions of Hamedan in 2010. The sample size is 604. The results show that status inconsistency is not prevalent in the population, and it does not affect political attitudes. Nonetheless, when the types of inconsistencies were taken into account, certain significant effects were detected.
M. Hassan pour; B. Sedighi
Volume 14, Issue 4 , December 2013, , Pages 3-34
Abstract
In the last decades, masculinity has become an important
issue in gender studies. Being a constructive, plural and historical
phenomenon, it is experienced differently in various cultures and
societies. This survey concentrates on photojournalism of the 1960s and
1970s, trying to study hegemonic ...
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In the last decades, masculinity has become an important
issue in gender studies. Being a constructive, plural and historical
phenomenon, it is experienced differently in various cultures and
societies. This survey concentrates on photojournalism of the 1960s and
1970s, trying to study hegemonic masculinity in these decades.
Hegemonic Masculinity is a kind of masculinity which is constructed by
dominant discourse as a natural and non-historical masculinity and force
men to define themselves based on masculinity.
To do this, we used the social semiotics method. The results show
that in pre-revolution era, given the domination of modernity discourse,
citizen-villager masculinity became the most important duality of
gender. But when the revolution broke out, revolutionary masculinity
emerged as a resistant masculinity. In post revolution era, with the
formation of new order, oppressed – affluent masculinity dominated on
photojournalism.
O. Ghaderzadeh; K. Piri
Volume 15, Issue 1 , March 2013, , Pages 3-29
Abstract
During the recent years, suicide has increased dramatically among the
Abdanani youths. To describing the experience and understanding suicide and
phenomenal world and the consequences of this action is of great importance in
gaining full knowledge of the world-life of the youths. This research is
conducted ...
Read More
During the recent years, suicide has increased dramatically among the
Abdanani youths. To describing the experience and understanding suicide and
phenomenal world and the consequences of this action is of great importance in
gaining full knowledge of the world-life of the youths. This research is
conducted based on qualitative method and existentialist phenomenology is used
to carry out the field research; the data are analyzed using colaizzi method. The
findings indicate that those who committed suicide have seen it as a facilitation,
breaking with tradition, and escaping reality .Therefore, different feelings and
understandings of suicide have developed among the subjects under study,
ranging from accepting to rejecting suicide. The participants’ experience and
understanding of phenomenal world, implies despair and continuity of
calamities. Suicide has different consequences and effects on the organic body
of those committing it which can be categorized under two main topics:
“fragility of the physical body” and “phenomenal isolation of the body”.
Semantic constructs suggest that those committing suicide are experiencing a
complicated, unsafe and problematic world-life.
Seyyed Ayatollah Mirzaie; Masoumeh Qarakhani
Volume 15, Issue 2 , July 2013, , Pages 3-23
Abstract
Ethical dishonesty in social research, though to a slight degree, can
undermine the foundations of social science and weaken its
investigative, critical and truth-finding role. To analyze the possible
ethical dishonesties and understand the normative space of research in
Iranian social science, the ...
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Ethical dishonesty in social research, though to a slight degree, can
undermine the foundations of social science and weaken its
investigative, critical and truth-finding role. To analyze the possible
ethical dishonesties and understand the normative space of research in
Iranian social science, the present study employs documentary method
for collecting and analyzing the published statements of researchers in
this field. The findings of the present research show that norm-violation
in research ethics in Iranian social science has individual and structural
dimensions. In the individual dimension, a lack of commitment to the
ethics research at personal and professional levels (in relation to the
form and content of research, research organization, and the violation of
scientific and professional norms and rules of conducting research) is of
importance. In the structural dimension, abuse of institutional and
organizational ethics and professional rules and commitments in relation
to the research and researcher (selecting subject, doing assignment,
refereeing, confirming, and reporting) is of significance. According to
the findings, ethical dishonesty in the space of research in Iranian social
science is the result of the interaction between of agents (researcher) and
institutional construct (including rules and norms and resources) which
facilitate norm violation. The result is that dishonesty in the research
ethics follows a duality of structure in the space of Iranian science and is
affected by the structural characteristics of the institution of science in
Iran in the period under study.
A Ghasemi Ardahaee; H. Mahmoudian
Volume 15, Issue 3 , September 2013, , Pages 3-28
Abstract
The formation and acceleration of social relations may persuade people to do
special social behaviors that cannot be done in a situation free of such relations.
The migration is one of such behaviors. Having a family member or friend in
destination can facilitate the decision for migration. This paper ...
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The formation and acceleration of social relations may persuade people to do
special social behaviors that cannot be done in a situation free of such relations.
The migration is one of such behaviors. Having a family member or friend in
destination can facilitate the decision for migration. This paper aims to examine
the size and type of migrant social networks in destination place for migration
waves from East- Azerbaijan province to Tehran province. The sample consists
of 530 migrants. Findings show that most migrants have some sort of social
networks (kinship, familial, friendship, and neighborhood) in proposed
destinations. The origin and age of migrants can specify the type of such
networks. Besides, the size of the networks is relatively small and the majority
of them are connected to a social network in destination through kinship and
friendship relationships. The frequency of the networks for potential migrants
from Sarab, Miyaneh, and Hashtrood in comparison to the other cities of the
province, there are more migration networks. Migrants from low socioeconomic
status use larger networks for migration.
S. H. Serajzadeh; O GHaderzadeh; J. Rahmani
Volume 15, Issue 4 , December 2014, , Pages 3-29
Abstract
The present study aims at investigating the relationship between ethnocentrism
and religion among Iranian Kurds using a social-interpretative approach. The
research methodology is qualitative and the data was obtained via in-depth
interviews. The grounded theory was used for analyzing the findings. ...
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The present study aims at investigating the relationship between ethnocentrism
and religion among Iranian Kurds using a social-interpretative approach. The
research methodology is qualitative and the data was obtained via in-depth
interviews. The grounded theory was used for analyzing the findings. Based on
qualitative-purposive sampling method and the theoretical saturation criterion,
31 Sunni and Shiite Kurdish residents of different cities of Kermanshah province
participated in this research, and their perception and interpretation of
ethnocentrism, and its relationship with religion were investigated and analyzed.
Firstly, the collected data categorized into 53 basic concepts, 14 major
categories and finally 2 core categories and was analyzed. Secondly, 28 concepts
were obtained for Sunni Kurds, and broken down to 7 major categories ,
including integrated Kurdish identity, dissatisfaction with government, secular
interpretation of religion, the preference of ethnicity to religion, alienation to the
Iranian identity, the self-determination right, and the role of ethnic elites. Then
they were categorized under one core category, "secular Kurdish nationalism".
Furthermore, 25 concepts were obtained for the Shiite Kurds, and broken down
to 7 categories, including Kurdish ethnic identity, Iranian national identity,
dissatisfaction with government, compatibility of religion and ethnicity,
emphasis on the cultural rights of Kurdish ethnic group, secular interpretation of
religion, and the lack of historical consciousness. Finally, a core category
entitled "cultural ethnocentrism" was defined for them. A comparison of
different categories obtained for the two interviewed groups, Shiites and Sunnis,
revealed that they show similarity in two categories "dissatisfaction with
government" and "secular interpretation of religion", however in other cases
such as the interpretation of Kurdish identity, Iranian identity, and the
relationship between religion and ethnicity they show major differences.
M . abbazadaeh; L. Moghtadaei
Volume 10, Issue 1 , March 2009, , Pages 3-28
Abstract
In the third millennium, is expected from holders of knowledge with having social capital, especially in academic areas, while creating new knowledge as a latent capital, in order to promote community problems, Could play an active role. In this base, The aim of this research is The sociological ...
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In the third millennium, is expected from holders of knowledge with having social capital, especially in academic areas, while creating new knowledge as a latent capital, in order to promote community problems, Could play an active role. In this base, The aim of this research is The sociological Study ofSocial capital (arise of Bourdieu, Coleman, Putnam, and Fukuyama) impact on knowledge creation (arise of Nonaka, Takeuchi &…)in Isfahan university.
Research method of this study was Survey, statistical population including academic members of IsfahanUniversity (1387) that 142 person of them were selected by Cochran Formula, based on random Sampling. Technique of the study was Questionnaire.
Statistical method was including, Multiple Regression and Path Analysis. To assess Path Coefficient, LISREL Method Estimated has been used. All of the data set was analyzed (get from questionnaire) by Spss17 software.
Result showed that there are significant relationships between social capital and knowledge creation, namely whatever increases social capital, the same extant, increases knowledge creation. R Adjusted Square showed that 19 percent of variations of dependent variable, explained by Independent variables. Other impacts related to another variables, which we did not considered them.
M.A GHanei Rad; S GHolipour
Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2009, , Pages 3-31
Abstract
Based on Habermas theory of Knowlage and human interests, the authors analays the articles of Iranian journal of sociology from 1381 till 1384. The findings shows that among 86 article: 59 article have Naturwissenschaften approach, 25 article have Geisteswissenschaften and 2 ones have emancipatory ...
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Based on Habermas theory of Knowlage and human interests, the authors analays the articles of Iranian journal of sociology from 1381 till 1384. The findings shows that among 86 article: 59 article have Naturwissenschaften approach, 25 article have Geisteswissenschaften and 2 ones have emancipatory approach. Although positivism is dominant on sociology of Iran, but there is a disturbance in theory and methodology and relationship between them. While the only aim of positivism is social engineering, Iranian positivism doesnot attention to it. In the Geisteswissenschaften, there is a great inconsistency in the structural of articles. For example, The presence of universal concept and rules beside particular ones. althogh the aim of this knowlage is understanding social phenomena and regarding to the cultural differences, but Iranian sociology dosent attention to it. Ultimately, wherase there are some epistemological problems in Iranian sociology, there isn’t distinct intrest in it except personal interest.
S. Bastani; M. A. Azadeh; F. Soltani
Volume 10, Issue 3 , September 2009, , Pages 3-26
Abstract
The main goal of this research paper is to study the voting behavior of the youth between 18 to 29 years of age in the city of Mashhad, to describe the characteristics of their networks and to determine how these characteristics affect youths voting behavior. This study attempts to show that not only ...
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The main goal of this research paper is to study the voting behavior of the youth between 18 to 29 years of age in the city of Mashhad, to describe the characteristics of their networks and to determine how these characteristics affect youths voting behavior. This study attempts to show that not only the voting behavior of network members but also the characteristics of personal networks have effects on youths voting behavior. To achieve this end, data was collected using the survey method. Thus, 262 structured, face-to-face interviews with young people were conducted. The young were randomly chosen from different districts of the city of Mashhad. The analysis of this study was carried out using the network dataset containing information regarding the respondents and their ego-centered networks, and the tie dataset which included information about network members (1360 ties). Our final analysis is based on the aggregation of these two datasets.
The findings show that functional characteristics of respondents’ networks and voting behavior of their network members are significant predictors of youths voting behavior. In an overall view, the results approve the role and importance of network in describing and appointing the voting behavior.
Ahmad Mohammadpour; M Rezaei
Volume 9, 1,2 , March 2008, , Pages 3-33
Abstract
This study aims to explore the meanreconstruction of modernization's consequences in ouramanat-e-Takht of Iranian Kurdistan. Interpretive approach was used as conceptual framework to explain the various aspects of inquiry. The interpretive approach presupposes that human actors consciously and reflexively ...
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This study aims to explore the meanreconstruction of modernization's consequences in ouramanat-e-Takht of Iranian Kurdistan. Interpretive approach was used as conceptual framework to explain the various aspects of inquiry. The interpretive approach presupposes that human actors consciously and reflexively react to their social environment based on their interpretation and evaluation in everyday life. In contrast to positivist approach in which the social reality is assumen to be fixed and preexisting, the interpretive approach defines social realities as flexible and free floating; also, it considers human beings as creatore and interpreters of their lives. Using interpretive approach, it has been tried to focus on modernization consequences in Ouramanat Region of Iranian kurdistan.
Ouraman-e-Takht is a rural, dry and highly mountainous region located in southwest of Kurdistan province of Iran. Traditionally, the socio-economic structure of the region was based on limited farming, herding, gardening, and manual labor. Recently, some modern elements, including of new economic activities, modern education, modern health services, technology, communication and transportation possibilities and so on, have been introduced to the region. the purpose of this study was to explore, from the Ouraman perspective, the impact that modernization consequences have had on the Ouraman traditional way of life. In this respect, the modernization consequences were classified into ten dimensions consisting of economy, social stratification, education, health, religion, technology, communication/transportation, language, kinship, and social interaction. Data were collected over a period of nine months using ethnographic methods including observation, interviwe, videotaping, and photography. Data were analyzed using Grounded Theory Methodology. 56 participants were interviewed and various sorts of data were gathered. Ten core category constructed along with its respective paradigm model for each aspect of the modernization consequences; these core categories were: subsistence Improvement, Emancipation, Enabling/Constraining, Enhancing life Expectancy, Surviving the principles, Welfaremaking/Challenging, Facilitation,
A Yosefi; M Azimi-Hashemi
Volume 9, Issue 3.4 , September 2008, , Pages 3-23
Abstract
Citizenship stems from the mutual relations of the state and the individual. These relations involve, on the one hand, the state's support of the individual. In the present article, the concept of citizenship is defined using three basic elements: political identity, equality of participation and legal ...
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Citizenship stems from the mutual relations of the state and the individual. These relations involve, on the one hand, the state's support of the individual. In the present article, the concept of citizenship is defined using three basic elements: political identity, equality of participation and legal equality. Political identity is characterized with identity with the nation-state; equality of participation is characterized with the right to elect and being elected; legal equality is characterized with the equal rights of distribution and equality of opportunities. The results of the secondary analysis of the data show that, first, the four empirical dimensions of citizenship are in the following order in terms of the contributions they make to the formation of this concept: sense of equality of opportunities, sense of equal rights of distribution, sense of political identity and, finally, sense of equality of participation. Second, the sense of civizenship with respect to the three elements of equality of opportunities, equal distribution of rights and equality of participation is rather moderate, whereas the sense of political identity is very strong. Third, the intensity of the four dimensions of citizenship is almost the same among various ethnic, religious, professional and educational groups, with the social strata hardly affecting the sense of citizenship. The weakness of the sense of citizenship in the three areas mentioned and the strength of the sense of political loyalty shows, on the one hand, a drop in the resources of civil legitimacy and, on the other hand, the existence of other resources of legitimacy, specially religious legitimacy. This explains the fact that, in spite of the weak record of the state in safeguarding the rights of citizenship, the sense of loyalty to the state is still strong among Iranian citizens. This, it is suggested, is because the religious resources of legitimacy compensate for the drop in the resources of civil legitimacy.
M. Amin Aghaee; M.J. Zahedi; M. Shiyani
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September 2018, , Pages 3-37
Abstract
Changes in approaches for citizenship discourse led to a new definition of citizenship. This definition, as a legal base, emphasizes the role of citizens as actors in the society, politics, government. The formation of the active citizenship concept is rooted in this approach. In this paper active citizenship ...
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Changes in approaches for citizenship discourse led to a new definition of citizenship. This definition, as a legal base, emphasizes the role of citizens as actors in the society, politics, government. The formation of the active citizenship concept is rooted in this approach. In this paper active citizenship means the ability of people to involve in various types of social and political actions, with the aim of decision making and having influence based on mutual respect and non-violence. However, the results of different empirical studies reveal that the amount of citizenship realization in society is not desirable, and the majority of Tehrani citizens are passive individuals. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to study the status of active citizenship in Tehran and its influential factors. The research method is a survey and the population includes all Tehrani citizens aged above 18 years old. The sample size was 1200 and the stratified sampling method is used to select correspondent. The data collection tool was a questionnaire with more than 0.7 formal and reliable validity. The correlation test results showed that there was a significant relationship between enjoying citizenship rights, media consumption, and universalism with active citizenship. Plus, there was an indirect relationship between the sense of social deprivation and the feeling of powerlessness. In addition, multivariate regression results indicated that 40% of the changes in the active citizenship variable were explained by independent variables. Also, the enjoyment of citizenship rights with the beta coefficient of 0.25 had the most impact on active citizenship. The findings also demonstrated that the feeling of powerlessness, the sense of social deprivation, lack of civic skills or distrust to the impact of social involvement in changing economic and welfare situation of society, are the most important barriers of active citizenship. Although citizens are familiar with political knowledge and interest, civic duties, and legitimacy, they are unaware of civic skills and the means of social and political participation. or do not consider the current space and collaborative methods to advance their mental interests. The main need for active citizenship is the skill of converting demands into participation.
A. Karimi
Volume 18, Issue 4 , November 2018, , Pages 3-29
Abstract
The work shift in which the working month is split into two parts of the work/family, has consequences that distinguish it from other jobs. The main purpose of the research is to identify the socio-economic consequences of shift work at Gas Compressor Stations. The research method is qualitative and ...
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The work shift in which the working month is split into two parts of the work/family, has consequences that distinguish it from other jobs. The main purpose of the research is to identify the socio-economic consequences of shift work at Gas Compressor Stations. The research method is qualitative and has been used from 4 focus groups and 11 interviews. The findings of the research showed that the most important positive economic consequences of shift work related to high salaries creating the opportunity for retirement, as well as the opportunity to create a second job. The most important positive social consequences of shift work include the possibility of continuing education of employees, the possibility of spending more leisure time and deep interaction with supervisor and colleagues. The most important negative social consequences of shift work include unfavorable conditions for resting place, conflict between objective and subjective job status, conflict between the role of work-family and the feeling of alienation.
Javad Sadighi Jafari; Behjat Yazadkhasti; Mostafa Ejtehadi
Abstract
The present paper attempted to measure the sense of belonging to the Iranian society and studied its influential factors. The social belonging variable was defined in two dimensions: emotional belonging and practical belonging. For this purpose, we selected 1016 people from the 22 regions of Tehran as ...
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The present paper attempted to measure the sense of belonging to the Iranian society and studied its influential factors. The social belonging variable was defined in two dimensions: emotional belonging and practical belonging. For this purpose, we selected 1016 people from the 22 regions of Tehran as our sample and distributed the researcher-made questionnaire to them. The research findings revealed that belongingness in Iranian society is at an average level and the variables of religious belonging, social trust, rationality, and socio-economic status have associations with the belongingness. They also demonstrated that the background variables such as educational level, age, and marital status are related to the dependent variable explained 0/325 changes in emotional belonging and 0/321 in practical belonging. We also realized that rationality and religious belongings had influenced social belonging differently.
Mohammad Hedayati
Abstract
Since the formation of modern states, bureaucracies have become the main instruments of governments for achieving developmental goals. The existence of an efficient bureaucracy is considered necessary for realizing these goals. However, in the literature of sociology, especially after the ...
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Since the formation of modern states, bureaucracies have become the main instruments of governments for achieving developmental goals. The existence of an efficient bureaucracy is considered necessary for realizing these goals. However, in the literature of sociology, especially after the classics, the state bureaucracy has been neglected and it seems there is a kind of conceptual vacuum and confusion. This paper tries to give a critical discussion of the significant theories on the state bureaucracy and examine their reductionist attitudes, then give a clear formulation of this concept, and ultimately provide a conceptual model for its empirical study. Based on this model, the quality of the state bureaucracy in each country depends on its specific structural and institutional composition. The institutional context is the main determining factor of the quality of bureaucracy. Several variables, in the context of this institutional logic, are highlighted: the arrangement of power and the characteristics of political structure, the pattern of extraction of resources and the system of economic relations, the type of relationship between government and society, and ultimately the issue of the power and function/ agency of the elites. Each of these variables and their various dimensions is described regarding some empirical cases, and their implications for state bureaucracies are introduced.
Seyed Mehdi Morshedi Estahbanati; Seyfollah Seyfollahi; Mansour Vosooghi
Abstract
Democracy is one of the main topics of interest in contemporary sociology. In this regard, the present study attempts to analyze the sociological tendency amongst Tehrani citizens to democracy. The tendency for democracy has been examined in socio-political opportunities, socio-political freedoms, and ...
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Democracy is one of the main topics of interest in contemporary sociology. In this regard, the present study attempts to analyze the sociological tendency amongst Tehrani citizens to democracy. The tendency for democracy has been examined in socio-political opportunities, socio-political freedoms, and secularism terms. We did a survey and conducted a multi-stage cluster sampling to draw a sample. The sample consisted of 604 Tehrani citizens over 20 years old. The results indicated that these citizens have a positive or relatively positive tendency toward democracy. Moreover, the study of social factors affecting the tendency to democracy showed that there is a significant relationship between independent variables of age, cultural capital and economic capital and the dependent variable of the tendency to democracy. The regression results showed that the research regression model consisting of 3 independent variables and one dependent variable is a suitable model and can predict the changes in the tendency for democracy.
Salahedin Ghaderi; Seyed Hosein Nabavi; Ahmadreza Salemian
Abstract
The present study addresses the stereotyped attitudes and perceptions of the Kurdish ethnic groups (Huram, Soran, and Kalhor) and their consequences using grounded theory. The statistical population consisted of men and women of Kurdish ethnic groups, living in Kermanshah city and a sample of 28 people ...
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The present study addresses the stereotyped attitudes and perceptions of the Kurdish ethnic groups (Huram, Soran, and Kalhor) and their consequences using grounded theory. The statistical population consisted of men and women of Kurdish ethnic groups, living in Kermanshah city and a sample of 28 people were selected from the three dialects by the use of purposeful sampling. The content of the interviews was coded and analyzed in three stages. In the open coding, 115 codes were obtained. Next, the codes were reduced to eight axial codes in the second step. The results showed that the perception and description of the groups were influenced by ethnicity and the superiority of one's own group. Moreover, the intensity of the stereotypes and the ethnic distance between the two groups of Huram and Soran with Kalhor is greater than that of Huram and Soran.
sociology
j Rashidi
Abstract
urban social policy and social exclusion can open a window to narrate the excluding of body and poverty from urban spaces in the city. The mainstream of Sociology does not offer a critical articulation about excluded social groups from the urban live. It usually adopts a pathological approach ...
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urban social policy and social exclusion can open a window to narrate the excluding of body and poverty from urban spaces in the city. The mainstream of Sociology does not offer a critical articulation about excluded social groups from the urban live. It usually adopts a pathological approach to the urban poor and a normative and clinical insight about the "body" throughout the moment of constructing the urban spaces. Critical reading, however, focuses on urban social policies that cause social exclusion of citizens, and for this reason, a new formulation of urban problem as well as exclusion from the city would be possible, which at the same time recognizes the moral anger of the excluded, and shows the constructing mechanisms of the criteria of "non- disabled bodies" and how "bodies" are heterogeneous to this norm and the urban poor are also excluded from the urban policy agenda. Therefore, despite the environmental and socio-economic barriers in the city, the excluded from the city become angry and rebellious activists who adopt a kind of devastating/deconstructing hermeneutics toward urban life.
Method of the research is qualitative by gathering data through interview, observation, previous researches, lived experiences of researcher and a novel. Organization of data occurred by sociological reconstructed narrations in the form of “social novels”. And in order to obtain the objectivity of the narratives, the opinions of people involved in similar situations described in the narratives or researchers in this field were taken, and the feedback was also included in the final narratives.
Finally, the city is built for the privileged classes and non-disabled bodies, and the urban excluded groups, in accordance with the inferior hermeneutic position assigned to them in urban life, generally experience various obstacles through their daily practices and by being in urban spaces, and the city and the achievements of urban life for them, will become more "unattainable" and will creates a moral anger toward the society and leads to adoption of a destructive hermeneutic by them. Results captured that the urban excluded groups, attack the urban life ultimately because of the perceived urban injustices and inequalities therefore they achieve a deconstructing hermeneutic abbot the urban.
Akbar Aliverdinia; Hamid Heidari
Volume 13, Issue 13 , March 2012, , Pages 4-30
Abstract
This study aims at testing the selected components of the Akers' social learning theory, in order to explain vandalism. It is conducted through survey method using the questionnaire. The sample consists of 392 students selected among the third high school students in Yasuj City, via the method of classified ...
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This study aims at testing the selected components of the Akers' social learning theory, in order to explain vandalism. It is conducted through survey method using the questionnaire. The sample consists of 392 students selected among the third high school students in Yasuj City, via the method of classified random sampling. The findings, according to subjects' responses, show that 94.9 percent. in a low rate, 4.6 percent on an average rate and 0.5 percent to a high degree, have engaged in vandal behaviors. The multiple regression analysis, indicates that among the six independent variables, the encouragement variable by the standardized regression effect coefficient (Þ= 0.303) is the strongest predictor of the vandal behaviors. The variables of reward, reinforcement balance, and reactions, are meaningful while the variables of deterrence, and cost, are not. Eventually, validity of the study is determined using method of content validity. The reliability of the study is assessed through the Cronbach's Coefficient Alpha to be at 91 percent
