Mahdi Ebrahimi
Volume 13, Issue 4 , December 2013, , Pages 176-182
M.J Esmaili
Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2009, , Pages 178-185
M Ebrahimi
Volume 15, Issue 2 , July 2013, , Pages 178-182
R. Golmoradi
Volume 14, Issue 3 , September 2012, , Pages 179-182
Z Farzizadeh
Volume 14, Issue 4 , December 2013, , Pages 180-184
Mahdi Ebrahimi
Volume 10, Issue 1 , March 2009, , Pages 191-196
B Sedighi
Volume 15, Issue 3 , September 2013, , Pages 199-215
M. Shiani; S. Hashemi
Volume 14, Issue 2 , July 2012, , Pages 57-78
Abstract
The national identity of people is considered to constitute the highest commitment to a society and in fact, it is thought of as the core value of every citizen. Peoples' national identity is affected by history, culture, geography, religion and the like. Its existence is necessary for the making and ...
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The national identity of people is considered to constitute the highest commitment to a society and in fact, it is thought of as the core value of every citizen. Peoples' national identity is affected by history, culture, geography, religion and the like. Its existence is necessary for the making and sustaining of a nation-state. The increase of social welfare and the expansion of ICT in recent decades, have improved the possibility of traveling and communicating among people. Meanwhile, traveling, tourism experiences, and familiarity with other core values may cause the weakening or strengthening of national values. Therefore, this research aims to study the relationship of tourism experience and national identity. In this way, Erik Cohen's theory has been applied for articulation of theoretical framework. Based on this, with quantitative approach, survey method and a researcher-designed questionnaire the required data has been gathered through multistage cluster sampling among 378 residents of Shiraz. The validity of the questionnaire has been attained through face and constructed validity, and its reliability is gained by Cronbach Alpha. The gathered data at two levels of descriptive and inferential has been presented and the hypotheses of study have been examined. Among examined variables, the variables of age, external traveling, religious traveling, education, marital status, memorable traveling, quality of traveling, satisfaction of traveling, experimental and experientialexperience have had meaningful relationship with dependent variable (national identity) and internal traveling, recreational experience, gender and ethnicity have not had meaningful relationship with dependent variable (national identity). The results of multivariate regression have shown that six variables of experientialexperience (15 percent), memorable construct (5.1 percent), religious traveling (3.5 percent), external traveling (1.7 percent), quality of traveling (1.4 percent) and age (1.4 percent) have explained 28.7 percent of variation of dependent variable (national identity).
H Rafiei; S Madani-GHahfarokhi; M Vameghi
Volume 9, 1,2 , March 2008, , Pages 151-160
Abstract
In Iran, individual and social effects of social problems like poverty, unemployment, inequality, drug abuse and prostitution and their negative role on country's development are raising through the recent decade. This study atlempts to reach a consensus among social experts on priorities of social problems ...
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In Iran, individual and social effects of social problems like poverty, unemployment, inequality, drug abuse and prostitution and their negative role on country's development are raising through the recent decade. This study atlempts to reach a consensus among social experts on priorities of social problems of Iran through Delphi method in order to use its results in social
policies and programs.
This study was conducted in four rounds using a researcher-made Delphi questionnaire. Research participants were 41 social experts in Tehran who have written at least a paper on social problems and/or have had professional experience in this area.
Results: According to the mean scores of social problems as the cutoff point in the study, the 10 priorities of social problems in this project were: Drug abuse, unemployment, social violence, distrust, poverty, corruption, discrimination, injustice, devaluation and rising of crimes.
So, drug abuse, unemployment and social violence (violence that happens in the society) are the three first cases in the list of Iran's social problems. Results of this project could be used by related organizations in policymaking and programming their activities. Findings of other studies also confirm these results.
A. Morshedi; H. Shiri
Volume 9, Issue 3.4 , September 2008, , Pages 194-225
Abstract
: The theory of social capital is re-emphasis on the role of community and society-based groups in sustainable development. In this paper we try to survey the role of artistic and cultural clubs at universities in reinforcement of social capital among students. We also study the effects of social capital ...
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: The theory of social capital is re-emphasis on the role of community and society-based groups in sustainable development. In this paper we try to survey the role of artistic and cultural clubs at universities in reinforcement of social capital among students. We also study the effects of social capital on increasing civil norms and decreasing deviant behavior. Putnam's approach to social capital is theoretical framework of this study. According to this theory, relations network, social trust and social co-operation are the most important indicators of social capital. Research method is based on survey by using questionnaire technique.
Although, the results show that social capital of Tehran University's student(as control group) and artistic and cultural activists of universities of city of Tehran is not higher than average level, but later group have more social capital than formers. Also, the results represent that whatever the level of social capital increase, civil behavior increase and deviant behavior decrease.
M. Shahabi; S. Naderi
Volume 14, Issue 2 , July 2012, , Pages 79-122
Abstract
The present article is a study on women’s perceptions and lived experiences of empowering and submissive acts in their everyday life, in Tehran, from a phenomenological, inductive and exploratory approach. The study has been aimed at discovering the situations and moments in which women feel empowered ...
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The present article is a study on women’s perceptions and lived experiences of empowering and submissive acts in their everyday life, in Tehran, from a phenomenological, inductive and exploratory approach. The study has been aimed at discovering the situations and moments in which women feel empowered or submissive in their everyday life. We have applied grounded theory as a qualitative research method. Data were collected through interviews and participant observation. The population under study includes women between 20-60 years of age residing in Tehran. We have employed theoretical sampling method and interviewed 28 women as our sample. The research results indicate that the Iranian women are socialized in two different and paradoxical models: 'mother as a role model' and 'father as a role model'. Normally these negate each other during women’s life. The level of this contrast determines the source of power which a woman uses in each situation. Therefore, two sources of power can be distinguished what we call here the 'conspicuous power” and 'genuine power'. The 'genuine power' comes from the inside of a person not heeding whether a given exertion of power sounds empowering from outside. Whereas, conspicuous power is just a theater of resistance or power displayed for the external spectators. Both sources of power reproduce themselves in women’s individual and social life.
N. Fazeli; F. Mozayan
Volume 14, Issue 2 , July 2012, , Pages 120-150
Abstract
In this article, we examine how the central component of cultural policy in the post-revolutionary Iran, 'Hijab' or the veiling policy, is contested by high school girls in Tehran. Qualitative data was gathered through in-depth interviewing among three public-school girls in three districts of Tehran ...
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In this article, we examine how the central component of cultural policy in the post-revolutionary Iran, 'Hijab' or the veiling policy, is contested by high school girls in Tehran. Qualitative data was gathered through in-depth interviewing among three public-school girls in three districts of Tehran (1, 6, and 12) and analyzed by thematic analysis. Accordingly, we concluded that Hijab, a formal and obligatory ideological code in girls' schools, is resisted by the students in different ways. Paradoxically, Hijab provokes students to create their new but hidden and separated world which is departed from that of the 'state/school ideal'. In fact, challenging the formal wearing codes is the main characteristic of the girls’ everyday life in high schools.
H. Hosseini; B. Bagi
Volume 14, Issue 2 , July 2012, , Pages 151-175
Abstract
Despitean increased awareness ofwomen andtheir accesstocontraceptive devices, there are still womenwhodo not usethesedevices. Not usingcontraception is followed by unplannedpregnanciesand a likely abortion wouldaffect maternal and childhealth. The aimofthis paper isto investigate the prevalenceofcontraceptionamongmarriedKurdish ...
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Despitean increased awareness ofwomen andtheir accesstocontraceptive devices, there are still womenwhodo not usethesedevices. Not usingcontraception is followed by unplannedpregnanciesand a likely abortion wouldaffect maternal and childhealth. The aimofthis paper isto investigate the prevalenceofcontraceptionamongmarriedKurdish women 15-49years old,in the city ofMahabad. Data are taken from Mahabad Fertility Survey (MFS) conducted on a sample of over 700 households in April of 2012. The resultsshow a widespreaduse ofcontraception among population under the study, to the effect that74.3percent ofwomenwere usingcontraception at the time of survey. Based on thisstudy,the share of modern and traditional methods ofcontraceptive useis 71.2 and 28.8 percent respectively. The results of discriminantanalysis showed that factors such as costs associated with socio-cultural oppositions and the number of surviving children have the most effect on women’s use of contraception. Women's autonomy andtheir attitudes towardsthe costs andbenefitsofchildren are among determinant cultural variables in this respect. The research findings indicate that reducing perceived costs of contraception, improving women's knowledgeaboutmodernmethods ofcontraception, and establishing legitimacy for social/cultural use of these devices play an important rolein implementingthe use ofcontraceptionandthe promotion of maternal and childhealth.
Mahdi Ebrahimi
Volume 14, Issue 2 , July 2012, , Pages 176-182
M.J. Esmaili
Abstract
This article seeks to identify and formulate the epistemological foundation of the Muslim experts' ideal. The ideal in Iran, especially after the Islamic Revolution, was raised as a solution to the gap between seminary school and university. However, this ideal has been pursued by administrative plans ...
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This article seeks to identify and formulate the epistemological foundation of the Muslim experts' ideal. The ideal in Iran, especially after the Islamic Revolution, was raised as a solution to the gap between seminary school and university. However, this ideal has been pursued by administrative plans and regulations, religious programs, documentation, and focusing on institutionalization, organization, and council. This research which was conducted using a library method analyzed Weber's theory of knowledge and value. We argue that the Weberian distinction between value-relation and value judgment can be used by Muslim experts as a base. Accordingly, to this distinction, the engagement of religious and cultural values of Muslim experts in academic and non-academic activities is legitimate.
M. Sohanian Haghighi; M. Foladian; H. Akbari
Abstract
According to various statistics, researches, and polls, the rate of law-breaking in Iran is high. In this study, we seek to identify the factors affecting the violation of the law among the provinces of Iran. The theoretical framework of the research is based on theories of deviance and social development. ...
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According to various statistics, researches, and polls, the rate of law-breaking in Iran is high. In this study, we seek to identify the factors affecting the violation of the law among the provinces of Iran. The theoretical framework of the research is based on theories of deviance and social development. Also, the explanatory factors of law-breaking were divided into two categories: attitudinal factors and structural factors. Then, Chalabi's theory of behavior function has been used to identify and explain combinations of factors affecting the law-breaking among the Iranians. Our research approach was the comparative-fuzzy analysis and due to the thematic and theoretical scope of the study, we used the secondary data analysis technique. The data were analyzed with the use of SPSS and FSQCA software. Based on the results, by examining the causal conditions affecting lawlessness in all provinces of the country, two paths (combination) leading to a tendency towards law-breaking were observed. In the first path, four conditions of the tendency to low order, social confusion, literacy, and unemployment rate combined led to a tendency towards breaking the law. However, in the second path, we had the five conditions of feeling justice, the tendency to low order, social confusion, literacy, and urbanization. Also, the total compatibility coefficient in these two causal paths was equal to 0.95. This compatibility with a coverage index of 0.59 indicates the theoretical and experimental importance of these two paths.
M. R. Taleban
Abstract
The present study is organized for the empirical test of religious market theory. In the main formulation of the religious market theory, the reduction of the Government Regulation of Religion in society fosters religious pluralism, religious pluralism creates competition, and competition between religious ...
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The present study is organized for the empirical test of religious market theory. In the main formulation of the religious market theory, the reduction of the Government Regulation of Religion in society fosters religious pluralism, religious pluralism creates competition, and competition between religious firms or institutions leads to the more and more efficient supply of religious products, and that as a result overall religiosity and religious vitality will increase in the whole society. This argument of the religious market theory was formulated as a hypothesis that the government regulation of religion is negatively related to religious commitment. To examine the empirical validity of this theory, the hypothesis was confronted with secondary data from 179 countries to assess the degree of conformity and correspondence of the religious market theory prediction with empirical evidence. Overall, the findings of this cross-national research could not provide significant and reliable support for the religious market theory in explaining the variance of religious commitment levels.
H. Darvishi; S. Shariati
Abstract
Sometimes some concepts, due to the excessive use in various fields, become elastic and lose their explanatory power, and also instead of explaining reality, they become the veil of reality. What about the concept of fundamentalism? Does this concept explain what is called fundamentalism? Or should alternative ...
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Sometimes some concepts, due to the excessive use in various fields, become elastic and lose their explanatory power, and also instead of explaining reality, they become the veil of reality. What about the concept of fundamentalism? Does this concept explain what is called fundamentalism? Or should alternative concepts be used? And can the concept of fundamentalism be applied outside of the origins of twentieth-century Protestant America? In answer to these questions, there are two groups in favor (those who believe in the adequacy of the concept of fundamentalism) and those who disagree (those who believe in inadequacy). Lawrence, Riesebrodt, Altemeyer, Summers, Schwartz, and Lindley are among the first to believe in the definition of fundamentalism based on similarities in different religions and cultures. In contrast, proponents of inadequacy, such as Roton, Hunter, Saeed, Bruninson, and Freedman, have criticized the use of fundamentalism in other cultures and religions and sought to falsify the concept. One of these cultures and religions is the Islamic world and the religion of Islam. What about the equivalents of fundamentalism in the Islamic world? To answer this question, 18 experts were interviewed and through the analysis of the content of these interviews, the concepts of literalism (appearances), extremism, fundamentalism, Islamism (political Islam), radicalism, and dogmatism as equivalents of Islamic fundamentalism were obtained. After reviewing them, the two concepts of "salafi jihadi" and "jihadi literalism" have been proposed as equivalents.
M.S. Kasraei; R. Asgharpour
Abstract
This research intends to read "Sayed Fakhreddin Shadman"'s idea of modernity and its issues in the framework of Laclau and Mouffe's theory of discourse analysis, what negative or positive approach to modernity, and its origin in the West, is formed in Shadman's discourse. And what a system of meanings ...
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This research intends to read "Sayed Fakhreddin Shadman"'s idea of modernity and its issues in the framework of Laclau and Mouffe's theory of discourse analysis, what negative or positive approach to modernity, and its origin in the West, is formed in Shadman's discourse. And what a system of meanings and concepts it has created in the face of modernity and the resulting identity gaps. He formulates his question and answer about how this confrontation and absorption or rejection of the necessities and times of Western civilization in the book Conquest of Western Civilization in the 1320s, and believes in modernity guided and planned in the chain of indigenous discourses. The progress of the West is limited to its science, and this knowledge must be acquired before the other elements of the aggressive Western culture can subjugate the subjects of the traditional socio-cultural situation and deprive them of the content of their identity. Shadman does not consider the project of conquering Western civilization possible except with self-awareness and national unity, which he considers both possible by elaborating on the central sign of the Persian language as a representation of national identity and wisdom, and tries to create a defining character in Persian. Raise the scattered from its humble, modernized or traditionalized position to a cohesive and integrated position of the conscious and original self, so that the subject can localize modernity through this self-awareness and free Iran from the situation of domination and conquest of the West.
F. Javaheri; H. Serajzadeh; S. Mombeiny
Abstract
The present study is a kind of poststructuralist study of disease and its perception mechanisms that tries to formulate a form of theoretical and conceptual medical sociology. Here, with the help of some theoretical capacities of Foucault and Lacan, we tried to provide conceptual implications on the perception ...
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The present study is a kind of poststructuralist study of disease and its perception mechanisms that tries to formulate a form of theoretical and conceptual medical sociology. Here, with the help of some theoretical capacities of Foucault and Lacan, we tried to provide conceptual implications on the perception of disease and the processes of its formation. Foucault's theory of hermeneutics of the self, and the Lacanian concept of the symbolic, give different implications for the perception of disease and how it is formed; implications that despite the distinctions, are based on similar fundamental propositions. According to the ontological aspects of both thinkers, the body is a field of writing that is coded and encoded by symbolic signifiers. Therefore, the perception of disease is an analytical cognition resulting from the re-reading of the pathological symptoms on the body text. Reading is formed by intersecting body text with medical discourse and specialized knowledge as the overlay text. A final point is the recognition of the mechanism of intertextuality in the perception of disease, according to which the body text is interpreted as a priori and inclusive text by encountering medical discourse.
K. Rasekh
Abstract
The establishment of the Safavid Empire in Persia in the early 16th century (1501 AD) resulted in two collaborating and rival public spheres: the clergy public sphere and Diwani public sphere. In this era, religious scholars, and clergymen, by founding the clergy public sphere, worked successfully ...
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The establishment of the Safavid Empire in Persia in the early 16th century (1501 AD) resulted in two collaborating and rival public spheres: the clergy public sphere and Diwani public sphere. In this era, religious scholars, and clergymen, by founding the clergy public sphere, worked successfully in two areas: institutionalization and theoretical turn. The introduction of theories such as the oppressive ruler, deputy of Imam Mahdi, ijtihad, and imitation by religious authority led to the formation of the velayat-e-faqih theory in the next centuries.The research method is based on Robert Merton's conceptualization approach and modern historical sociology. The findings showed that the theoretical evolution of scholars and mujtahids not only strengthened their institutionalization process but also led the clergymen to dominate the public sphere of Iranian society. They also revealed that the changes in Iran over the past two centuries do not represent a process of modernization, but the change of inactive and passive tradition to the reflexive tradition under the influence of the historical residues.
sociology
M. Sheikhansari
Abstract
Cyberspace has now become a part of the daily lives of more than 67 Iranian users; this study aims to gain a better understanding of the impact of Web 2 technologies on society and the actions of Iranian users in cyberspace. Methodologically, this research is of secondary analysis type, and the studied ...
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Cyberspace has now become a part of the daily lives of more than 67 Iranian users; this study aims to gain a better understanding of the impact of Web 2 technologies on society and the actions of Iranian users in cyberspace. Methodologically, this research is of secondary analysis type, and the studied sample is 732 articles published in social sciences in the period of 2002 to 2021. The findings of this study show that Web 2 technologies weaken the religious and national identities and family values of Iranian users. These technologies also increase social relations, social capital and political participation of Iranian users. On the other hand, "emergent social problems and phenomena" have arisen in cyberspace, such as Internet addiction, cyber crime, virtual mourning, virtual pilgrimage, etc.
Alimohammad Javadi; Amir Maleki; Mohammad javad Zahedi; Yaghoub Ahmadi
Abstract
Citizenship is a bilateral and social idea, and it is not just a set of rights that free an individual from the commitment to others. Also avoidance of citizenship responsibility is to circumvent the tasks such as the civic affairs and participation. For Ztumka, moral community deals with trust, sense ...
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Citizenship is a bilateral and social idea, and it is not just a set of rights that free an individual from the commitment to others. Also avoidance of citizenship responsibility is to circumvent the tasks such as the civic affairs and participation. For Ztumka, moral community deals with trust, sense of responsibility and obligation towards others with whom it has common values, interests and goals. To Parsons considers, trust is the factor that creates social unity, cohesion, and order. Therefore, the present study attempted to investigate the relationship between the level of social mistrust and the avoidance of citizenship responsibility among Tehrani citizens in 2019. We did a survey and to collect the data we used the structured questionnaire and cluster sampling amongst Tehrani citizens over 18. Also, 384 respondents were selected as our sample using Cochran's sampling formula. Due to the corona virus pandemic, 356 respondents were interviewed and the data were analysed using Mplus8 and SPSS software. Descriptive findings showed that citizenship irresponsibility among the respondents is higher than the average. Besides, the amount of social mistrust, particularly the organizational mistrust, was higher than the average. Inferential results revealed that social mistrust (.0.72), citizenship rights (./29), and education level (./16) had a significant relationship with citizenship.
Hamed Taheri Kia
Abstract
The main object of the article is to study the problem of alienation from the law in Iranian culture. We thus study the state of the law in the university as one of the most important institutes for educating the legitimate citizen. Then, we have done two types of research about the culture of the university. ...
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The main object of the article is to study the problem of alienation from the law in Iranian culture. We thus study the state of the law in the university as one of the most important institutes for educating the legitimate citizen. Then, we have done two types of research about the culture of the university. First, we have researched students’ transgressions in the fields of politics, morality, and education. Second, we did research the professors’ confrontation with the surveillance laws on their process of scientific quality. Consequently, Iranian universities, as one of the most important institutes to educate professional subjects and legitimate citizens are producing alien subjects to university laws. Therefore, if in modern western culture, based on the consumer culture, the law is to defend individualism, in Iran the transgression against the law is to defend the self and it has ended in a reverse individualism.
Mehraban Parsamehr; Hossein Imamalizadeh
Abstract
It is possible for adverse situations to occur in any society, but what is important is the quality of the society's response to these difficult situations; Among such cases, we can mention the state of hope in the society; whether there is hope for improvement or not. Citizens' point of view regarding ...
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It is possible for adverse situations to occur in any society, but what is important is the quality of the society's response to these difficult situations; Among such cases, we can mention the state of hope in the society; whether there is hope for improvement or not. Citizens' point of view regarding comparing the present with the past, evaluating the present and the level of hope for the future in various fields is very important and significant due to its many effects and consequences. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to present a picture of the state of hope and attitude towards the present and the future in Iranian society and the process of its changes based on the views of respondents in national surveys. In this regard, by using the secondary analysis method to the reports of the national surveys measuring "values and attitudes of Iranians", three waves of which have been implemented so far in the years 2000, 2003 and 2015, and the national surveys of the "Nationwide Social Capital Survey" (2005, 2014 and 2017) in which there was an item to measure hope or attitude towards the present and evaluation of the future.Our findings showed that in general, regarding the evaluation of the current situation, more than 85% of the respondents were not satisfied with the current situation and indicated their need for reform. Also, the examination of the process of hope chenges, i.e. the indicators of comparing the current state of society with the past, as well as the attitude towards the future of society and their indicators (such as class gap, economic status and welfare status, vitality, prevalence of positive moral characteristics) showed that the assessment of the situation. Also, examining the process of changes in hope in terms of comparing the current state of society with the past, as well as the attitude towards the future of society and their indicators (such as class gap, economic status and welfare status, vitality, prevalence of positive moral characteristics) showed that the assessment of the situation. The current and future of the society was not favorable in the examined indicators because a significant percentage of the respondents have always been placed in desperate options (worsening the situation) and monitoring the change process showed that with the passage of time, there has been an erosion process in some indicators and a relative improvement in others.
