Setareh hashemi; behrang sedighi
Abstract
Intersectionality explains how systems of domination such as class, gender, and nation converge and reproduce each other. Institutional ethnography is a suitable methodology for analyzing the experience of subordination since it explores people's experience in the context of institutional practices. ...
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Intersectionality explains how systems of domination such as class, gender, and nation converge and reproduce each other. Institutional ethnography is a suitable methodology for analyzing the experience of subordination since it explores people's experience in the context of institutional practices. This research describes Afghan mothers work regarding children's schooling taking into account their social status. National domination system benefits from Afghan women’s illiteracy to confine them in a lingual prison. Thus, Afghan women are put under a lot of pressure in the face of maternal responsibilities, as defined by education institution in the interest of dominant gender, nation, and class. Interview and observation are the main data collection techniques used in this research.
H. Kermani
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September 2018, , Pages 38-59
Abstract
This paper tries to provide a better understanding of Iranians’ everyday life in the telegram. Recently, telegram has become the most popular Instant Messaging Application (IMA). Regarding the telegram’s popularity, there is a need to conduct thorough research into different aspects of using ...
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This paper tries to provide a better understanding of Iranians’ everyday life in the telegram. Recently, telegram has become the most popular Instant Messaging Application (IMA). Regarding the telegram’s popularity, there is a need to conduct thorough research into different aspects of using it. In order to carry out this study, different theories about everyday life were evaluated, especially Schutz’s ideas. A combination of participant observation and qualitative interviews was employed as a methodology. Therefore, we participated constantly in a group and interviewed 8 telegram heavy users. The findings showed that the meaning of time in telegram has changed. Furthermore, a part of individuals’ worlds has changed in the actual world by the telegram. Additionally, the shaping of “Thou-orientations” and “We-relations” are easier in the telegram. Most importantly, telegram disturbs the order of zones of relevance, changing and expanding them. Hence, some situations with low relevance are converted to the ones with high relevance. This phenomenon caused what Bayat called the quiet encroachment of the ordinary people. This is kind of resistance but not the only one. It is important to note that users employ this app as a field to create their techniques.
M. Salimi
Volume 16, Issue 1 , March 2016, , Pages 41-70
Abstract
Language is the basic element of culture and is affected by the socio-cultural
changes, in general and by wars, as the most important social phenomena, in
particular. This discussion aims at studying the impacts and consequences of the
War, such as migration and language interference by applying migration ...
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Language is the basic element of culture and is affected by the socio-cultural
changes, in general and by wars, as the most important social phenomena, in
particular. This discussion aims at studying the impacts and consequences of the
War, such as migration and language interference by applying migration and
social linguistics theories.
To collect data, a field study method is employed and the research techniques
are participatory observation and narrative interview. The research population is
the Sar Poul Zahab's inhabitants, a city which is located in Kermanshah
province, Iran. Findings show that migration, as a considerable consequence of
the War plays a key role in cultural changes which in turn lead to changes in the
other aspects of life, such as language. To sum it up, it should be said that in the
mentioned area we see new forms of linguistic concepts, some language
interference, language death and recreation of folklore in the intercultural
communication of this area.
M Mosaie; N Mehrgan; S Garshasbi-fakhr
Volume 10, Issue 4 , December 2010, , Pages 1-17
Seyyed Ayatollah Mirzaie
Volume 18, Issue 1 , January 0, , Pages 32-68
Abstract
It is commonly believed that nationalism has an ethnic root and ethnicity is the most important element influencing nationalistic tendencies. In the present study, with the aim of examining the relationship between nationalism and ethnicity, the nationalistic tendencies of a group of Iranian students ...
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It is commonly believed that nationalism has an ethnic root and ethnicity is the most important element influencing nationalistic tendencies. In the present study, with the aim of examining the relationship between nationalism and ethnicity, the nationalistic tendencies of a group of Iranian students (Baloch, Turk, Fars, Arab, Kurd, and Lor) have been surveyed. The findings of this research revealed that Iranian students have a greater tendency toward, respectively, civic nationalism, archaic nationalism, religious nationalism and state nationalism. Of these, religious nationalism and state nationalism showed a higher correlation and were not distinct. Thus, we are faced with the triple form of civic, archaic and religious nationalism. Therefore, unlike what is commonly supposed, there is no single nationalistic tendency. Also, of the nationalistic tendencies examined here, civic nationalism is much stronger among Iranian students of different ethnicities as compared with other kinds of nationalism. Another finding of the present research suggested that variables such as religion, socio-economic status, gender, and place of residence have no explanatory effect on nationalistic tendencies. Thus it can be claimed that nationalistic tendencies have a meta-religious (Shia/Sunni), meta-gender (female/male) and meta-spatial (urban/rural) nature. However, the explanatory effect and significance of ethnicity, which is the main variable of this research, can be examined and analyzed. Of all nationalistic tendencies, it is the civic nationalism only that is not influenced by ethnicity, has a meta-ethnic nature and covers social and cultural diversity. However, both archaic and religious tendencies represent a difference in the relationship with ethnicity. As a result, ethnic convergence is very high in the tendency toward civic nationalism, followed by archaic nationalism and religious nationalism. Also, nationalistic convergence between civic nationalism and archaism is greater compared with other combinations. Considering the association between ethnicity and nationalistic tendencies, the emergence of ethnic challenges at the time of the dominance of nationalistic ideologies (religious, archaic and civic) over the state can be examined, and this association can be used to speculate the distance (gap) between the state and the nation.
M. Azam Azadeh; M. Moshtaghian
Volume 18, Issue 2 , July 2017, , Pages 44-69
Abstract
Regarding the importance of maintaining and enhancing family members relationships during the period of imprisonment, the present paper uses a survey method to examine the relationships between stigma (independent variable), the quality of family members relationships (mediating variable), and lack of ...
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Regarding the importance of maintaining and enhancing family members relationships during the period of imprisonment, the present paper uses a survey method to examine the relationships between stigma (independent variable), the quality of family members relationships (mediating variable), and lack of mental health of family members (outcome variable). The variables became operational as follow: The stigma in two dimensions of interaction and gender; the quality of family members' relationships in three dimensions of wife-husband relationships, mother-child relationships, and father-child relationships; and mental health in three dimensions of depression, anxiety of female head of household, and children conduct disorder. The systematic sampling was used and included 222 women head of households supported by the Center for the Protection of Prisoners in Tehran. Based on findings in the range of 1 to 6, the average quality of family members' relationships was 3.6 and it was moderate. The increase in the stigma was accompanied by a reduction in the quality of family members' relationships. Also, the increase in the stigma led to an increase in the level of lack of mental health in the families. Decreasing the quality of family members' relationships was also associated with an increase in lack of mental health status. According to the results of multivariate analysis, 15% of changes in the variance of women's depression were explained with the entry of the quality of wife-husband relationships, and the quality of mother-child relationships, 14% of variations in women's anxiety variable were explained with the entry of quality of mother- child relationships, and the number of people who are supported by the mother, and 23.4% of the variance of children's conduct disorder was explained with entering the quality variables of the father-child relationship, the quality of mother-child relationship and household income per capita.
Mohammad Ganji; Yaghoub Ahmadi; Mohammad Sedigh Mohammadi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of structural violence in Sanandaj city and its consequences by using grounded theory method. The core category was systematic deprivation which implied a severe and absolute privation. The emerged theory showed that the mutual effect of structural ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of structural violence in Sanandaj city and its consequences by using grounded theory method. The core category was systematic deprivation which implied a severe and absolute privation. The emerged theory showed that the mutual effect of structural violence and contextual conditions make individuals attempt to adapt, change conditions, or deviate while the community uses its own strategies to control the deviance. As a results, we see some different economic outcomes such as poverty, unemployment, and hardship and social outcomes like societal exclusion, committing a crime repeatedly, and vulnerability of family. Therefore, the interaction of structural violence and the agent intensifies the misery and deprivation of the individuals.
M. Shahramnia
Volume 14, Issue 3 , September 2012, , Pages 52-89
Abstract
Viewing the effects of globalization on democracy is an important aspect of human life and one of the topics of interest to political scientists . Is globalization leading to the development and strengthening of democracy or vice versa? The main question of this paper is: How is the impact ...
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Viewing the effects of globalization on democracy is an important aspect of human life and one of the topics of interest to political scientists . Is globalization leading to the development and strengthening of democracy or vice versa? The main question of this paper is: How is the impact of globalization on the process of democratization and democratic movements in contemporary Iran? In this study democracy in contemporary Iran as an example, we will consider to understand the impact of globalization on democracy. Our hypothesis is that: The evidence suggests positive effects of globalization, along with other factors in the democratization process, of strengthening democratic and contemporary movements. To this end, after considering the definition of globalization, its dimensions, parameters, routes, and most importantly its impact on democracy, with an emphasis on recent democratic movements in Iran, was reviewed and analyzed. The research analytical method is causal explanation.
E. Masudi; S. ZaheZahedani
Volume 18, Issue 4 , November 2018, , Pages 53-81
Abstract
Max Weber put forward the most important philosophical question of methodology in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century: "What is the meaning and nature of objectivity in social and cultural sciences?" By using the neo-Kantian concept of "value relation" Weber prevailed over the positivistic ...
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Max Weber put forward the most important philosophical question of methodology in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century: "What is the meaning and nature of objectivity in social and cultural sciences?" By using the neo-Kantian concept of "value relation" Weber prevailed over the positivistic dichotomy of "value freedom" and "value judgment" and helped to establish cultural science and its objectivity. We need more philosophical reviews to understand and analyze the importance, and meanwhile, the weaknesses of "value relation" for capturing objectivity in cultural sciences. Following his previous philosophers, such as Rickert, Max Weber could manage the job by returning to Kant. However, there are few references to Kant in his methodological writings. This article intends to have a systematic review of Max Weber's thought and analyze the Kantian value relation of objectivity in his ideas with an emphasis on its transcendental dimension. From the methodological point of view, the analysis of transcendental and Kantian objectivity of Max Weber belongs in the realm of the philosophy of social sciences. Looking at Max Weber's objectivity with regard to Kantian transcendental view showed that value as a limit and a priori condition is a condition of formation and meanwhile, condition for understanding cultural objects. Therefore taking into account that value relation is the condition of objectivity of research, but it is essentially a subjective condition.
H. Taheri kia
Volume 15, Issue 4 , December 2014, , Pages 54-70
Abstract
This article is about the notion of ideology in Gabriel Tarde’s sociology. In 19th
century, inspired by the Leibnitz’s philosophy, Tarde pursued his project in
comparison with Emil Durkheim’s sociology. Bruno Latour calls Tardean
sociology as the sociology of transmission. This concept ...
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This article is about the notion of ideology in Gabriel Tarde’s sociology. In 19th
century, inspired by the Leibnitz’s philosophy, Tarde pursued his project in
comparison with Emil Durkheim’s sociology. Bruno Latour calls Tardean
sociology as the sociology of transmission. This concept shows how that kind of
sociology can challenge the dominant social and political ideology. Regarding the
late sociology, it is important to study his thoughts. To understand the social
agent, he proposes three terms: imitation, opposition and adaptation. For Tarde,
the mentioned agent with his innovation can generate new social currents- the
innovation develops through imitation process and becomes a socio-cultural
phenomenon. Therefore, there is a changeable process in everyday life which
starts with the smallest social elements and challenges the dominant ideology.
Ferehsteh Hedayaty; Susan Bastani
Abstract
The main implications of the Islamic hijab are strengthening the foundation of family, preventing sexual immorality, and preventing female objectification. In this study, we studied women and men’s perception of veil and sexuality using an inductive approach. For this purpose, we used grounded ...
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The main implications of the Islamic hijab are strengthening the foundation of family, preventing sexual immorality, and preventing female objectification. In this study, we studied women and men’s perception of veil and sexuality using an inductive approach. For this purpose, we used grounded theory as our research method. The data were collected through deep interviews and direct observation. The population of the study consisted of men and women aged 25-40 years old and the sample included 16 women and 8 men that were selected using theoretical sampling. According to the results, the main theme that explains the relationship between sexuality and the hijab is “facing sexuality types”. These types include experiencing sexuality, attitudes towards sexuality, and sexual attractions that shape the individuals’ interpretation of hijab and sexuality. In addition to this, the causal factors such as social change, Islamic hijab characteristics, and following peer group and demographic factors like religious affiliation, family upbringing, geographic location, semantic anomy and patriarchal society influence “facing sexuality types”. The outcomes of the main theme are: having different standards in choosing the dress, classifying hijab types based on the perception of sexuality, using various strategies to manage their clothing, conformity with the existing definition of hijab, and thinking about the hijab concept.
A.E Riyahi; Z Jafari
Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2009, , Pages 55-86
Abstract
Tendency towards New Religious Movements (NRMs) among young university students in Iran, in spite of sovereignty of religious state, is a new phenomenon which deserves an exact study. The present study seeks to describe the tendency rate towards NRMs among university students, as well as to explore some ...
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Tendency towards New Religious Movements (NRMs) among young university students in Iran, in spite of sovereignty of religious state, is a new phenomenon which deserves an exact study. The present study seeks to describe the tendency rate towards NRMs among university students, as well as to explore some social correlates of it. Survey method is used for conducting the study. By means of multi-stage sampling procedure, 400 students of all state universities located in the Tehran city have been selected randomly, to fill up the self-administered questionnaire which consists of some scales regarding tendency towards NMRs, religiosity, and ethnic identity. The results of the study show that 9/4 percent of university students reported high tendency towards NRMs, as compared with 41/7 percent of them who had declared low tendency. The analyses of data indicate that the highest tendency towards NMRs has reported by those students who were unmarried, were studying in the faculties of Fine Arts and Humanities, belonged to Lor, Turk, and Kurd ethnic groups, engaged in a part-time job, and their parents were originated from higher social class. Furthermore, a non-significant gender difference in tendency towards NMRs is found, namely; female as compared with male students, had reported higher tendency towards NMRs. Finally, results of correlation coefficients showed that there were significant, reverse correlations between tendency towards NMRs with the degree of religiosity as well as tendency of students towards ethnic identity. These findings emphasize on more attention to NRMs and its dimensions in Iran, particularly by scholars, researchers, and policy makers.
T. Balvardi; Z.M. Balvardi
Volume 13, Issue 3 , September 2012, , Pages 57-82
Abstract
Studies show that what has been the focus of attention in
empirical understandings of partnership includes attending to participation
criterions, participatory activities and sometimes investigating its barriers.
Besides emphasizing such studies, this paper with prioritizing participation
criterions, ...
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Studies show that what has been the focus of attention in
empirical understandings of partnership includes attending to participation
criterions, participatory activities and sometimes investigating its barriers.
Besides emphasizing such studies, this paper with prioritizing participation
criterions, takes the spirit of partnership as its first priority. Furthermore, the
paper tries to investigate this subject matter with reference to theoretical
issues, reliance on utilitarian concepts and discussing subjects like social
alienation, life satisfaction and faith. The study used multi-stage sampling
and distributed 400 questionnaires among the Islamic Azad University
students of district seven of the country (Kerman and Hormozgan
provinces). The findings show that with the exception of the life satisfaction
variable, all other assumptions are meaningful although the rate and
direction of their impact is different. In addition the regression coefficient
indicates the greater effect of the variables of decline of religious beliefs,
opposition of values and social faith on changes of dependent variable.
Ahmadreza Asgharpour Masole; Atie Sadeghi
Volume 15, Issue 2 , July 2013, , Pages 57-86
Abstract
Social networks are a combination of social relationships and trust is assumed to be one of the main features of social relationships. Distrust brings about lack of cooperation and chaos in society. As a result, the present research aims at creating and eroding trust in different network structures. ...
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Social networks are a combination of social relationships and trust is assumed to be one of the main features of social relationships. Distrust brings about lack of cooperation and chaos in society. As a result, the present research aims at creating and eroding trust in different network structures. As interactions are taken place in social relationships, the way in which we select other trustees can be influential in the formation of trust. The two important factors for agents to select their interaction trustees are: the intensity of trust in social relationships and the history of interaction. Thus, in the present research three strategies are applied for selecting trustees in an interaction and they are all based on trust in a relationship: selecting relationships with strong, medium and weak trust. Trustees’ responses are grouped under two headings: random and trust- based responses. To study precisely such a situation, agent- based modeling is used because it helps understand processes and mechanisms and even artificial experiments. In the two network structures, four types of status are designed for the model. Each status is run 300 rounds and in 100 time units. The model output was analyzed by the use of SPSS and Matlab soft wares. Findings indicate that agents with strong strategies have the most capability in developing trust than those with weak strategy. It is also impossible to accumulate trust in a relationship within networks which agents respond randomly. Conversely, in the networks that agents’ responds is based on trust, we witness trust accumulation in long term period. In comparison to the cluster network, trust in central networks is more likely to erode.
M Shiani; M.T Mousavi; S. M. Ghahfarokhi
Volume 10, Issue 3 , September 2009, , Pages 57-84
Abstract
The youth defined as persons of 15 to 29 years of age, account for about 35 percent of Iran’s population. Such significant percentage may be considered a comparative advantage for the country. However, if this opportunity is not used properly it can become a serious threat. Thus, developing policies ...
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The youth defined as persons of 15 to 29 years of age, account for about 35 percent of Iran’s population. Such significant percentage may be considered a comparative advantage for the country. However, if this opportunity is not used properly it can become a serious threat. Thus, developing policies and plans for this age group is a major priority. Social capital alongside other forms of capital can facilitate envisaged planning processes and help realize planning objectives.
In this article, we present a multidimensional scale developed to measure social capital among the Iranian youth. Using this scale, a survey of 4,500 persons in the age bracket of 15-29 (drawn from across the Iranian provinces) has been conducted. Results indicate weak social capital among the surveyed youth, in particular in terms of relations with associations and trust placed on non-acquaintances and officials. The effect of social and individual characteristics on social capital is found to be significant. In light of the significance of the aforementioned relations as well as the dominance of traditional social capital among the youth, enhancing the social milieu, strengthening civil institutions, and improving attitudes and actions of individuals are seen as necessary.
A.R SHojaeizand
Volume 9, 1,2 , March 2008, , Pages 58-72
Abstract
Acquisition of the theological knowledge of religions is recommended along with other religious studies to sociologists of religion who are bound to safeguard their perceptions and manifestations from the apologetics damages.
Up to now, the avoidance from theology has been the positivistic solution ...
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Acquisition of the theological knowledge of religions is recommended along with other religious studies to sociologists of religion who are bound to safeguard their perceptions and manifestations from the apologetics damages.
Up to now, the avoidance from theology has been the positivistic solution in order to be immumized from apologetics partiality. However, the solution this paper puts forward is the distinction and segregation of 'theology1' from' apologetics' at the first stance and then the description and limitation of the courses experiencing penetration of apologetics' notations in the studies of religion.
With the required recommendation from theology, not only the weaknesses of sociology of religion will be removed so far as acquaintance with the subjects is concerned but it would also prevent from the unjust label of apologetics to sociologists who possess valuable theological Knowledge of religion during the course of their studies.
R. Rabani; R Hemati
Volume 9, Issue 3.4 , September 2008, , Pages 58-88
Abstract
: Nowadays, fear of crime (feelings of insecurity) has emerged as a distinct social fact and even more important than the crime itself. Most of the researches in Iran have done in a descriptive manner and focused on demographic factors. However, findings of these researches show that there were not feelings ...
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: Nowadays, fear of crime (feelings of insecurity) has emerged as a distinct social fact and even more important than the crime itself. Most of the researches in Iran have done in a descriptive manner and focused on demographic factors. However, findings of these researches show that there were not feelings of security (subjective) compared to the security (objective) ones. Furthermore, fear of crime can be influenced by a number of factors in micro, meso and macro level so that the police have no control over them.
The present study pursues two main goals: first, the examination of theoretical and empirical literature of fear of crime and feelings of insecurity (property and personal). Second the determination of the extent of fear of crime and some factors which influence it. Findings of the this study that was carried out on a sample of citizens in zanjan city by using survey method shows that they have not been very fearful and contextual factors (perceived risk of victimization, satisfaction of neighborhood, attitude towards local police and residential region) have more explanatory power than personal factors (e.g. age, education, income).
Meisam naghshi; Nader amiri; Kamal khaleghpanah
Abstract
This research aims to analyze Iranshahri discourse as a modern identity discourse of Iranians in terms of contemporary economy and politics. Since the modern formation of this discourse has appeared in Javad Tabatabaei’s works, the articulation of this discourse and the reason for its hegemony ...
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This research aims to analyze Iranshahri discourse as a modern identity discourse of Iranians in terms of contemporary economy and politics. Since the modern formation of this discourse has appeared in Javad Tabatabaei’s works, the articulation of this discourse and the reason for its hegemony are examined according to his writings. Then, we examined the formation of the concept of emptiness in Iranshahri discourse using Laclau's methodology. The theoretical concept of this research suggested that Iranshahri discourse aims to interpret the emptiness created by neoliberalism through his particular political philosophy. Thus, we recognized the following parameters in Tabatabaei's political philosophy: the emptiness of otherness, eliminating people and building nations, alienated people, and imposing consensus in his political philosophy analysis. The above concepts showed that Iranshahri discourse and his political philosophy attempt to construct Iranian identity and justify the status quo by drawing the masses’ attention to something other than neoliberalism crises.
Saeed Mohammad Zokaei
Volume 13, Issue 13 , March 2012, , Pages 59-84
Abstract
A growth in popular culture, the emergence of new life styles and the increasing importance of media representations in the last two decades have opened up new angles for dealing with the youth delinquencies. Cultural criminology as the melting point of criminology and cultural studies, far from seeking ...
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A growth in popular culture, the emergence of new life styles and the increasing importance of media representations in the last two decades have opened up new angles for dealing with the youth delinquencies. Cultural criminology as the melting point of criminology and cultural studies, far from seeking external causalities or making an excessive emphasis on structural and personal variables, assumes both crimes and criminals as social constructs whose understanding requires attending to the social context and the power relations existing in the society. The present paper first makes a quick review of discursive developments on the issue of youthscrimes. Following that I will make an account of cultural criminology approach and the capacities it shows explaining some current youth (sub) cultural issues. It is argued that cultural criminology is a useful option for revising the boundaries between culture and crime and could lead to a better understanding of the youth problems and therefore results in a better policy making
M. Sharepour; M. Fazeli; E. Eghrarian
Volume 13, Issue 4 , December 2013, , Pages 60-89
Abstract
While the problem of social capital is getting more important in
all social science disciplines, explaining the creation of social capital rises
as an important debate. Trust is a constituting element of social capital and
has great importance for its consequences. Robert Putnam, in a leading
prominent ...
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While the problem of social capital is getting more important in
all social science disciplines, explaining the creation of social capital rises
as an important debate. Trust is a constituting element of social capital and
has great importance for its consequences. Robert Putnam, in a leading
prominent book, two decades ago, explained trust as a consequence of
associational life, which is now acknowledged as society-centered
approach. However, institution-centered approached have tried to explain
trust based on the quality of public institutions. We have applied a crossnational
variable-oriented comparative research on 54 countries to evaluate
the strength of these two approaches for explaining trust. Data have been
extracted from well-known international databases of the World Bank,
Freedom House, and World Values Survey. Our evidences and results
imply that institution–centered approach is more capable of explaining
trust. In conclusion, the implication of results for analyzing democracies,
and two critical issues of legitimacy of democratic systems and degradation
of social capital have been discussed.
S. Momeni; S. Shariati
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September 2018, , Pages 60-85
Abstract
Visibility is a new topic that is linked to the issue of minorities in today's societies. Minority groups attempt to enhance visibility and make the other groups recognize them in their own societies. This research tries to study Zoroastrians visibility as a religious minority in Tehran. The main question ...
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Visibility is a new topic that is linked to the issue of minorities in today's societies. Minority groups attempt to enhance visibility and make the other groups recognize them in their own societies. This research tries to study Zoroastrians visibility as a religious minority in Tehran. The main question is that how is the visibility of Zoroastrian minority as one of the three legal religious minorities in the public space of Tehran city? For this purpose, we applied different research techniques, including observation, Participant observation, in-depth interviews and documentary studies methods. The research results showed that according to four indicators as place, rites, media, and coverage, Zoroastrians are barely visible in the public space of Tehran. Consequently, unlike the religious minorities in other countries, such as European societies, Zoroastrians do not want to improve the visibility of their religious minority in the public space of Tehran.
M. Rohi
Volume 14, Issue 4 , December 2013, , Pages 63-96
Abstract
If we forget about some serious works on the history of Iran,
we will notice that most of the theories in this field are highly
influenced by orientalism. These paradigms which are in the tradition of
history of philosophy, inevitably, see Iran's history in the mirror of state
and therefore, pay ...
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If we forget about some serious works on the history of Iran,
we will notice that most of the theories in this field are highly
influenced by orientalism. These paradigms which are in the tradition of
history of philosophy, inevitably, see Iran's history in the mirror of state
and therefore, pay no attention to local and non-governmental
phenomena. It generally assumed that the history of Persian kings is the
history of Iran and consequently, our history is analysed based on the
events that occurred in the palaces.
In the article, I attempt to put those approaches away and use new
ones that stress the local and non-governmental events, especially in
Kurdestan of Iran. In other words, I try to deconstruct the formal history
writing and re-read the history of "the moment". Given that it is a first
step in this field, it is going to be hard work. In this paper, it is assumed
that there is a gap between pre-modern and modern eras in Iran. To
gather the data, I used the documentary method.
M SHarepour; T Azaddarmaki; A Askari
Volume 10, Issue 1 , March 2009, , Pages 64-98
H Abdolahiyan; M SHikh-ansari
Volume 15, Issue 3 , September 2013, , Pages 65-92
Abstract
This is a methodological paper which addresses advantages and limitations of three survey methods, including online, cluster online and offline methods in a study of Facebook users in Iran. This paper indicates that regardless of online or offline methods the analytical results will be the same. ...
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This is a methodological paper which addresses advantages and limitations of three survey methods, including online, cluster online and offline methods in a study of Facebook users in Iran. This paper indicates that regardless of online or offline methods the analytical results will be the same. The evidence for such claim has been provided by a study that was conducted among Facebook users in Tehran during 2011 and 2012.besides, the paper claims that applying either one of these three methods for collecting data will result in similar findings. This will also not undermine the validity and reliability of the measuring tools. We have used Strauss’s approach to social research where he and Corbin urge the researchers to use methods to their discretion. We used various methods to collect data and analyze it and we came to the conclusion that if a reverse sampling method is used in online survey, its results will be similar to the result of offline and cluster sampling research methods.
M S. zokaei; K. Tavanay Manafi
Volume 14, Issue 1 , March 2011, , Pages 65-91
Abstract
Autobiography genre, in its canonical and conventional sense of the word, is a sum of acceptable and legitimate methods and trends in narrating the life story. In other words, this genre foregrounds regulated and specific forms of constituting the life story, and at the same time, excludes alternative ...
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Autobiography genre, in its canonical and conventional sense of the word, is a sum of acceptable and legitimate methods and trends in narrating the life story. In other words, this genre foregrounds regulated and specific forms of constituting the life story, and at the same time, excludes alternative forms of doing so. Therefore autobiography genre eventually imposes a normative compulsion on how to constitute a life story; and by doing so, it tries to distinguish the acceptable methods and forms from the unacceptable ones. These foregrounding and exclusion have important consequences and significations if we consider the fact that the conventional and canonical forms of autobiography only make some sorts of subjectivity possible, and hence limits other sorts of subjectivity at the same time. In other words, canonical forms of autobiography insist on constituting certain kinds of life experience, and therefore impose absence on the other kinds. One of the fields in which this absence may have decisive significations, is the category of gender, and more specifically, the category of women's autobiography. That's due to the fact that the canonical field of autobiography has historically excluded the women's life writing from the canon, and therefore has become a distinctive genre only because of this exclusion. In other words, one of the most decisive exclusions in the process of defining autobiography genre is certainly a gender-based exclusion. Thus, introducing women's autobiography can be seen as an act of destabilizing the conventional and canonical genre of autobiography, and at the same time, it may also lead to some alternative forms and spaces for constituting the life experience of women. In this article, by focusing on various students' autobiographies, we've tried to depict and describe these student's struggles for constituting the feminine life story and experience; a struggle which is, more than anything else, carried out by resisting, as well as departing from, the canonical forms of autobiography.
