Iranian Journal of Sociology

Abstract  A song is a poetic-musical format that has been in line with people's requests and interests throughout history. These songs belong to the mass of people and as a result They have the most influence from popular culture. In the 1950s, coinciding with the end of Pahlavi rule, a kind of religious belief was formed among the intellectuals, which was defined exclusively in the face of tyranny; As a result, dealing with sacred images and religious myths became a kind of protest. Therefore, the main focus of this research is document analysis of the dominance of religious beliefs among modern songwriters and how these songwriters deal with sacred images and analysis of prominent songs with the theme of religious myths. The result of this research shows that the interest in depicting religious images in the songs of the second Pahlavi era has an apocalyptic aspect, and the singer seeks to find similarities between his era and the era of the saints with an allegorical view.  

Abstract The widespread and sudden emergence of Generation Z in recent protests and movements in Iran, particularly in the Woman, Life, Freedom movement, has drawn the attention of policymakers and researchers to this generation. The characteristics and distinctions of Generation Z compared to other generations in Iran have become a key question for scholars, intellectuals, and even politicians.
Using the meta-synthesis method, this study examines, analyzes, and integrates various findings from credible scientific articles on Generation Z published over the past decade (2011–2024) to present a clear and well-founded picture of the differences and similarities of this generation in terms of values and perspectives.
The study’s findings, based on categorization and extraction of codes and concepts, identify distinct characteristics of Generation Z in four areas: family, religion, workplace, and politics. These findings form the central theme of this study: Decline of Compliance / Reduction of Submission, referring to the diminishing respect for authority across all four domains—family, religion, politics, and professional environments.
In the family domain, the decline in respect for authority is reflected in critiques of patriarchy and a stronger sense of identity independence. In politics and the workplace, it manifests as distrust of institutions. In the religious sphere, disenchantment and rejection of tradition are the key concepts that best describe the characteristics and distinctions of Generation Z in contemporary Iran.
Based on the analysis of existing research on Generation Z’s generational relations with preceding generations, two perspectives—continuity and disillusionment—can be considered. This suggests a relationship with parents that is both conciliatory and distinct, while tensions exist with the ideological and revolutionary generation that shaped the dominant discourse.
 

Abstract Focusing on the representation of "the people" in key cinematic works of the second Pahlavi period, this article investigates how the populace was represented in Iranian New Wave cinema during the 1940s and 1950s [the 1340s and 1350s SH decades]. Grounded in the dual theoretical framework of representation/reflection and shaping within the sociology of art, and employing a qualitative content analysis of fifteen landmark films by five defining directors of the Iranian New Wave, the paper examines a wide spectrum of theoretical readings regarding Iranian people's agency through these cinematic representations. Regardless of the breadth of these representations—spanning a continuum from "self-conscious and creative people" to "alienated and passive people"—the study demonstrates that the reflection of the populace in these cinematic works has been constructed primarily around two central identities of class and religion. Most films depict the people as alienated, unawakened, and passive.

Abstract Lefebvre considers space as a fundamental component in the functioning and organization of society within the framework of historical models of production. In his point of view, capitalism has produced a kind of abstract space that is a reflection of the trading world. In the current research, an attempt has been made to study the formation of abstract space in Tehran and its conditions of the possibility. In Iran, the encounter with the abstract space of capitalism has occured during the Naseri Era, but due to the absence of mediators such as Law and the State, the conditions for the formation of an abstract space have not provided. Due to the Constitutional Revolution and the resulting law, as well as the formation of the modern government, these conditions have been provided, the city has dominated the rural, and capitalism begins to create its own space.
 

Abstract Marriage under the age of 15 is called early marriage or child marriage, which is a sign of discrimination and violence against women. This phenomenon is a global problem and it is increasing in developing countries due to economic and cultural factors The paper aims at discovering the relationship between macroeconomic indicators and early marriage during .2010-2013 based on the data provided by Iran Statistical Centre. This is a "secondary analysis" based on previously collected data. The statistical population of the study are all 31 provinces of the country and the time interval between 2011 to 2021 have been studied. Excel and SPSS 25 data analysis tools and Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regressions were used. Pearson's test shows that provinces with higher unemployment rate (r=0.366) and higher fertility rate (r=-0.363) had the highest rate of early marriage. Finally, the regression model indicates that the macroeconomic index variables (coefficient Gini = 0.334, unemployment rate = 0.321, changes in inflation rate = 0.297, and changes in the Gini coefficient = 0.282 have a significant effect on the rate of early marriage in all provinces respectively. As a result, it can be said that increase in the rate of inflation and unemployment as well as Gini coefficient between 2012 and 2021 are significant factors in explaining increase the proportion of marriages under 15 in all provinces of the country

Abstract This research examines the role of social organization among rural migrants in the city and its impact on local development, focusing on the perspectives of Portes and Boomsma within the Tehran-Vila neighborhood in Tehran's District Two. The study employed a qualitative approach with a grounded theory strategy. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and narratives from 40 individuals (comprising three generations of migrants, including 13 women and 27 men) in Tehran-Vila (destination) and Bidok Yazd (origin), along with insights from 6 key informants, focus group sessions, field observations, and analysis of secondary statistical data. The resulting analysis identified the core category as "Migrant Social Organizations as Facilitators of Local Development." The findings indicate that the social organizations of rural migrants have acted as democratic institutions; by creating support networks and strengthening a sense of belonging to the neighborhood, they have contributed to improving the quality of life, enhancing social solidarity, and facilitating residents' participation in local development processes.

Abstract This articl aims to examine and analyze, from an interdisciplinary perspective, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools by Iranian journalists, and to identify the factors influencing this usage based on the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) model. As one of the most comprehensive, interdisciplinary, and validated models for investigating the acceptance of emerging technologies, UTAUT2 was deemed appropriate for analyzing journalists' adoption of AI tools due to its consideration of a wide range of individual and social factors.
The research employs a survey methodology, with data collected via a modified standard questionnaire. The statistical population consists of journalists working in news agencies based in Tehran, from which a random sample of 200 individuals was selected using simple random sampling.
The findings reveal that journalists' familiarity with and use of AI tools are relatively low. Various factors—including performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, and price/value (the study variables)—have a significant impact on behavioral intention and actual use of these technologies.
The results suggest that although Iranian journalists generally hold a positive attitude toward using AI tools, their actual usage remains limited. This indicates a gap between the potential and the real-world application of artificial intelligence in Iran’s media industry.

Abstract Urban development goes beyond understanding the city as a physical and economic product. Lefebvre's theory of the right to the city is a call to understand the city beyond a material product and believes that urban development requires socio-spatial transformations of the city that both belong to and are the result of its inhabitants. This research has a fundamental-developmental purpose and a qualitative content analysis type, which is adopted to expand the theoretical framework of the right to the city. In this research, the theoretical lens of the right to the city has been used as an analytical framework to explain urban development. Urban development from the point of view of  Lefebvre space production consists of three objective, mental and social spaces, which have three fundamental rights with dialectical orientations, including: the right to appropriation (possession in production and consumption), the right to participation (transformative and reproductive participation) and it forms the right to difference (social and spatial). The right to the city includes the three principles of spatial justice, democracy, and urban vitality, which in urban development, they form content, procedural and diagnostic dimension. Urban development based on the right to the city is an objectively, subjectively and sensibly integrated thing that simultaneously refers to the condemnation of exchange value and prioritizing the value of using urban space. This theoretical framework enables us to dialectically identify the constituents of each city realm and work towards "cities for people, not for profit" and this is a start. A point to change ourselves by changing the city.