V. Ghasemi
Volume 11, Issue 3 , January 0, , Pages 118-145
M Montazerghaem; E SHaghasemi
Volume 9, Issue 3.4 , September 2008, , Pages 120-142
Abstract
The internet is a new medium with a different nature than its predecessors while at the same time it contains almost all of their functions within its reach. Thus, the internet brings about social changes more considerably among the young generation who have, as in elsewhere, proved to be the primary ...
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The internet is a new medium with a different nature than its predecessors while at the same time it contains almost all of their functions within its reach. Thus, the internet brings about social changes more considerably among the young generation who have, as in elsewhere, proved to be the primary internet users in Iran. This situation offers the possibility of shaping a globally recognized 'Y generation' in Iran. The members of Y generation are those who have become acquainted with new Information & Communication Technologies (ICTs) from their early teenage and now are moving towards the end of their twenties.
In the present article, we will see how effectively the Iranian youth have exploited the communicative capabilities of internet. Based on particular characteristics of the Iranian society, different social groups found internet a suitable site for self-presentation and establishment of communication networks. To achieve their social and cultural ends, Iranian women have enjoyed the facilities of the internet - sometimes even over-reaching the men in their usage. The internet has paved the way for the emerging of new kinds of norm-breakings which could not be dealt with by traditional methods. By the recent years, the internet has been exploited as an effective medium for promotion and diffusion of religion among the Iranian youth. This study, using the methodology of meta-analysis, reveals that the Internet has been influential, if not to say central, in shaping an 'Iranian Y generation'. Furthermore, we have elaborated the characteristics of this Iranian Y generation.
Mohamod SHahabi; Vahid Etaf
Volume 15, Issue 2 , July 2013, , Pages 126-152
Abstract
Relying on a phenomenological, inductive and exploratory approach, the present
paper has been aimed at discovering men’s understanding of sexual jealousy and
the situations and moments in which men feel and act zealously or remain stolid
about their related females in their everyday life. We ...
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Relying on a phenomenological, inductive and exploratory approach, the present
paper has been aimed at discovering men’s understanding of sexual jealousy and
the situations and moments in which men feel and act zealously or remain stolid
about their related females in their everyday life. We have used grounded theory
as a qualitative research method. Data were collected through interviews and
direct observation. The population under study includes Tehrani men aged
between 20-40 years old. We have employed theoretical sampling method. We
interviewed 25 men and 5 women as our sample. According to the research
results, Gheirat can best be defined as men’s anxiety about levels of women’s
objectification and self-objectification. By objectification, we mean reducing a
woman’s whole existence to her sexuality and treating her body as a sexual
object through some actions like gazing into a woman, teasing her, bodily
contacts, engaging in insincere emotional relationship with her, mingling or
socializing, and different levels of sexual relationships. Self-objectification also
refers to the voluntary or non-voluntary but active role of women in such
experiences. Iranian men experience differential degrees of anxiety towards their
related females’ levels of objectification and self-objectification. A combination
of the men's perception of the interaction space and the situation of the related
women and other men play a decisive role in provoking different emotions and
their corresponding actions. Therefore, some levels of Gheirat are to be
considered as cultural and situated rather than innate emotion.
Arash Heydari
Abstract
Assistant Professor at Science and Culture University of Tehran Discursive contexts of modern state emergence in Iran dates back to the years 1851-1887. During this period, some major events helped to form the common political history in Iran and the idea of the modern state and national identity become ...
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Assistant Professor at Science and Culture University of Tehran Discursive contexts of modern state emergence in Iran dates back to the years 1851-1887. During this period, some major events helped to form the common political history in Iran and the idea of the modern state and national identity become problematic. The purpose of the present research is to encounter with the current trends of theorizing the history of the state in Iran and, on the other hand, put the idea of a modern state and a nation-building project in the context of real and forgotten events. Referring to cholera and famine as two major events in Iran's contemporary history (but forgotten under the prevailing narrations), we examined the relationship between the Iranian regulation discourse and the emergence of a modern state. Governmentality is the central concept of the theoretical perspective in this article. Using this perspective, we attempted to explain the formation of Iranian regulation. In other words, we focused on the governing poverty, which is the result of cholera, and governing the wealth as well. In addition, these two governing trends and their relationship with the idea of the modern state.
Mohammad Amir Ahmadzadeh; Mohammad niazi
Abstract
Shaikhi's school emerged in the early years of the Qajar era and is based on two columns of news and Gnosticism. This school was initially introduced by Sheikh Ahmad Ehsaee, as an esoteric and gnostic perception of the official Shi'a religion, along with other jurisprudential, verbal, mystical and philosophical ...
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Shaikhi's school emerged in the early years of the Qajar era and is based on two columns of news and Gnosticism. This school was initially introduced by Sheikh Ahmad Ehsaee, as an esoteric and gnostic perception of the official Shi'a religion, along with other jurisprudential, verbal, mystical and philosophical schools of Shi'ism. By the passage of time, this school transformed into a cult becase of Ehsaee's way of expressing his idea. However, it is said that this transformation was based on his interpretationof Shi'a text. In this article, we attempted to study this transformation from the social structuration form point of view. The main research question is, " What social mechanism made Sheikh's ideas and behaviors ?" In other words, how the relationship between an idea ad action can help a socio-religious organization form. The findings showed that Sheikh's followers use three major mechanisms in forming their thoughts: defamiliarization, recombination of old ideas, and differentiation regarding the charismatic and individualistic leadership.
H. Nayebi; S. Mohamadi Talvar
Volume 14, Issue 4 , December 2013, , Pages 131-152
Abstract
The paper tries to show the effect of life style on social identity. On the base of Pierre Bourdieu's theory about distinction ,we suppose that cultural consumption and body management as the dimensions of life style affect ethical, religious and cosmopolitan identity. Having used probability ...
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The paper tries to show the effect of life style on social identity. On the base of Pierre Bourdieu's theory about distinction ,we suppose that cultural consumption and body management as the dimensions of life style affect ethical, religious and cosmopolitan identity. Having used probability sample, we chose 323 Sanandaji youths as the target population. Results from the SEM method demonstrate that empirical data does not support our own model. In other words, cultural consumption and the management of body have no significant correlations with ethical, religious and cosmopolitan identity.
A. Nabavi; A. Navah; N. Amirshirzad
Volume 15, Issue 3 , September 2013, , Pages 132-161
Abstract
Being indifferent to socio-political participation, social responsibilities, altruistic
behavior and civil activities in social problems shows that we live in a
problematic society. Our objectives in this article are to explain social apathy
and its prevalence and to evaluate the influential factors ...
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Being indifferent to socio-political participation, social responsibilities, altruistic
behavior and civil activities in social problems shows that we live in a
problematic society. Our objectives in this article are to explain social apathy
and its prevalence and to evaluate the influential factors on it. The random
sample, which is comprised 384, has drawn from Dezfuli citizens aged 18 an
over in 2013.
The relationships between independent variables such as socio-economic
status, alienation, empathy, insecurity sensation and social capital with social
apathy as the dependent variable were meaningful. According to the results of
regression analysis, 30 percent of changes in social apathy can be explained by
those five independent variables.
A Yosefi; M Noghani; M Hejazi
Volume 10, Issue 1 , March 2009, , Pages 138-161
Abstract
Neighborhood is an important aspect of a city’s public space that provides the residents with the opportunity for social communication and so it has a main effect in improving the city’s social integration. The secondary analysis of data related to thirty neighborhood networks in three selected ...
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Neighborhood is an important aspect of a city’s public space that provides the residents with the opportunity for social communication and so it has a main effect in improving the city’s social integration. The secondary analysis of data related to thirty neighborhood networks in three selected zones in Mashhad clearly shows the relational integration of neighborhood network is less than the medium limit and is more dependent on weak neighborhood ties. Moreover, value Integration of neighborhood networks is weak with respect to the 'relational interests' and 'local commitments', but with regards to 'commonality of interests and commitments' is relatively strong. Multivariate analysis of relational and value integration of neighborhood networks indicates that variables such as residential stability, and density, status, ethnic, religious and local variety affect the variation of neighborhood networks integration. Specially, the two first variables, namely the residential stability and status variety, are more important in such variations.
GH.A Tavasoli; A.A Vadadhir
Volume 10, Issue 4 , December 2010, , Pages 1-35
A. Saei; M. Zareian; E KHodaei
Volume 14, Issue 2 , July 2012, , Pages 3-29
Abstract
The problem of this article is the degree of polity variability between countries. The research question is stated as follows: how can we explain the degree of polity variability between countries? Based on the theoretical framework, social capital is the necessary causal condition for democracy. The ...
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The problem of this article is the degree of polity variability between countries. The research question is stated as follows: how can we explain the degree of polity variability between countries? Based on the theoretical framework, social capital is the necessary causal condition for democracy. The original approach of the essay is comparative analysis between countries. The technique for data collection is the analysis of existing data (the secondary). The studied population consists of countries that in 1990 and 2010 have valid data for all the related concepts. For the arbitration of the article's assumptions the fuzzy method, and for data analysis the SPSS, Excel, and Fs / QCAf software were used. The experimental findings indicate that disregarding the Eastern Bloc countries from the analysis, social trust is often a necessary condition for democracy. Usually civic engagement and trustworthiness are necessary conditions for democracy. Also, the results indicated that authoritarian rule in a country would reduce social capital in the long-term.
K. Safari
Volume 17, 1,2 , January 0, , Pages 96-120
M.J Zahedi; M Heidarpour
Volume 9, 1,2 , March 2008, , Pages 127-141
Abstract
The emergance of intellectual groups in Iran and its aftermath , the beginning of intellectual movement with the aim of modernization as its goal, is related to the threshold of Constitution. Intellectuals had an important historical role at the era of Constitution until the epoch of the first Pahlavi. ...
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The emergance of intellectual groups in Iran and its aftermath , the beginning of intellectual movement with the aim of modernization as its goal, is related to the threshold of Constitution. Intellectuals had an important historical role at the era of Constitution until the epoch of the first Pahlavi. They were pioneers of modernity and modernization in the country. The social and mind origin of those intellectuals and the concepts and issues they were involved are the basic subjects of historical sociology and one of the basic debate in the realm of Sociology of intellectuals in Iran. The identity of these intellectuals and the nature of their social and political thoughts, the issue that how they perform their social and historical roles, their social status and their relationships with people and state are the basic objects in this research.
The methodology of research is analytical and critical approach by using meta analysis and historical method this way we use Weberian approach in historical events and reconstruction them; also the views of other thinkers like Parsons, Gramsic, Mannheim and so on about the social roles of intellectuals have been used. The basic aim of this research , is sociological explanation of social and political role of intellectuals in the Constitution era and the epoch of the firs Pahlavi period and search of response for this question that: "Why intellectuals protect their influentioal social and political situations. To answer this question, some assumptions have presented and been studies. the results of the research show that some Iranian intellectuals in the constitution era by adoptiong reductionism (to reduce modern concepts to traditional one) and some others by taking French Enlightenment pattern which was followed by violence strategy cause to disappear their influential social and political situations in society. Also the eroded structure of society and it's dominated traditional culture and destructive role of traditional culture's protectors and absolutely minority of educated strata and middle class were effective on stratification and cultural (musical) consumption. We measure social stratification with class and status and cultural consumption with kind and frequency of consumption. To investigate the research assumptions, first, we have classified kinds of music to categories (elite/mass position) and second, we have gathered data through survey method among four districts of tehran as the areas showing high and low class and status symbols. In addition to the survey method and the questionnaire, the library method was also used for determining some of the references concerning the relationship between social stratification and cultural consumption. The Findings show that relationship between social stratification and Cultural Consumption. The Findings show that relationship between social stratification and cultural (musical) consumption if a positive and significant relationship; status, rather than class, is correlative with kind and frequency of cultural (musical) consumption; people who belong to high status prefer consuming elite music and people who belong to low status prefer consuming mass music.
H. Abdollahyan; M. Sheikh Ansari
Volume 18, Issue 2 , July 2017, , Pages 128-144
Abstract
The aim objective of this paper is to investigate how being Facebook users can affect both relative deprivation and life satisfaction among active and non-active Facebook users. To provide an answer, the research data was collected through two different stages; at the first stage we distributed ...
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The aim objective of this paper is to investigate how being Facebook users can affect both relative deprivation and life satisfaction among active and non-active Facebook users. To provide an answer, the research data was collected through two different stages; at the first stage we distributed survey questionnaires among 2437 samples in Tehran and examined how being Facebook user can affect relative deprivation among active and non-active Facebook users. In the second stage, and in order to complete the research results we distributed some 288 questionnaires among students at University of Payam Noor, focusing on the question of life satisfaction among active and non-active Facebook users. In addition, we used direct and participatory observation to examine comments that were provided by Facebook users. This method would have provided complementary evidence that could evaluate the validity and reliability of the two-stage research results.
Some of the results indicate that being an active or non-active Facebook user can culminate into different consequences for the users. In other words, being a non-active Facebook user will increase feeling of relative deprivation. This is while being a Facebook user not only does not have any effect on the amount of feeling relative deprivation but it will increase the sense of life satisfaction. The results of direct and participatory observation indicted that some factors such as having a huge number of Facebook friends along with a great number of “likes” on the Facebook pages will bring popularity for the user. It seems the effects of being a Facebook user among active and non-active ones is related to their trustworthiness and popularity.
M. B. Moein; K. Paknejhadeh Rasekhi
Volume 16, Issue 1 , March 2016, , Pages 129-147
Abstract
In recent decades, systematic approach or attitude has always been as an
efficient and complementary means in specialized studies of various
phenomena in different areas of knowledge and led to a comprehensive and
multi-faceted understanding of why and how the natural processes are. In the
last century, ...
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In recent decades, systematic approach or attitude has always been as an
efficient and complementary means in specialized studies of various
phenomena in different areas of knowledge and led to a comprehensive and
multi-faceted understanding of why and how the natural processes are. In the
last century, science, which faced with a large amount of production and
accumulation of very diverse and professional data, tried to analyze and explore
the relationships between elements of the system to explain the behavior of the
entire system. This analysis was based on two assumptions. Firstly, there is not
any interaction between components or it is very weak. Secondly the relations
between components must be explicable. The emergence of the chaos theory and
nonlinear mathematics made it clear that the interactions of whole system
components do not follow the above two conditions, so the holistic approach in
systems analysis is necessary. In this paper, according to the system of the
production process of meaning by complex adaptive systems, the interactions
between subject and object (individual with others) within the four semantic
systems of Landowski is compared. Findings demonstrate that with the use of an
interdisciplinary approach, we could analyze many phenomena and explain the
results of complex relationships of them. By the way, our method is descriptive.
M. Rafatjah
Volume 18, Issue 4 , November 2018, , Pages 130-164
Abstract
According to the traditional definition, motherhood is the most important role of a woman. It also says that rearing a child makes women perfect. But a growing consciousness among women as well as the gap between traditional definitions and real experiences of motherhood have made people pay more attention ...
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According to the traditional definition, motherhood is the most important role of a woman. It also says that rearing a child makes women perfect. But a growing consciousness among women as well as the gap between traditional definitions and real experiences of motherhood have made people pay more attention to motherhood experiences and redefine this role. In this article, we compared women’s prior conceptions of motherhood with their present experiences using the qualitative method. The study group was selected from the young unemployed mothers in Dowlat Abad neighborhood. Since our sampling method was conceptual, we put aside the two factors of education and tendency towards religion. Moreover, to gather the data, we used in-depth and semi-structured interview techniques. Findings showed that tendency towards to be a mother and learning the motherhood role was common to the study group. Furthermore, educated mothers, regardless of their religious attitude, were openly critical of the current meaning of motherhood; and they also were active in following their personal interests. The religiously educated mothers felt a smaller gap between their conceptions and their motherhood experiences, compared to the educated mothers with a low tendency towards religion. In addition, the majority of mothers believed that the motherhood role is a tough, rewardless and complicated role which includes the least privileges and the most responsibilities. And they also maintained that the society, government, and fathers should help them do their duties.
Aliasghar Davoodi
Volume 13, Issue 13 , March 2012, , Pages 131-153
Abstract
The end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21th century witnessed the expansion of ethnic conflicts around the world. The end of the cold war, the revival of debate about genocide, the rise of movements for maintenance of past heritage and the expansion of communications in different areas, ...
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The end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21th century witnessed the expansion of ethnic conflicts around the world. The end of the cold war, the revival of debate about genocide, the rise of movements for maintenance of past heritage and the expansion of communications in different areas, have increasingly caused ethnic groups to get interested in their past memories. Such a situation has also intensified the importance of `the place' in remembering memories of the past. The question that will be reviewed in this article is: what is the role of collective memory in outbreak of ethnic conflicts? Our assumption is that the ethnic struggles always can be traced to the some time back. The people, who are establishing an ethnic community, have common memories that affect their ethnic identity. Thus, our hypothesis is that collective memory has a basic role in ethnic conflicts. If we are expected to control ethnic struggles, the role of collective past in present situation should be understood. In this article we first review the concept of collective memory, and then we will examine the link between collective memory and ethnic struggles. At the end, we will make an attempt to explain how and by through what processes the collective memory affects ethnic conflicts and how ethnic struggles increase or decrease.
Z. Bozorgnezhad; A. Maleki
Volume 18, Issue 1 , January 0, , Pages 131-157
Abstract
It is impossible to explain the treatment patterns from the medical sciences point of view alone. The selection of treatment method could be mostly influenced by the cultural and social variables. Due to the high importance of fertility in some countries, particularly in our traditional culture, the ...
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It is impossible to explain the treatment patterns from the medical sciences point of view alone. The selection of treatment method could be mostly influenced by the cultural and social variables. Due to the high importance of fertility in some countries, particularly in our traditional culture, the infertile people try to use different treatment methods to treat their infertility ranging from traditional methods to modern ones. This study was done in Mazandaran province by the use of a mixed method. Applying a theoretical sampling, we selected our sample and employed in-depth face-to-face interviews with 28 infertile women and afterward we transcribed them. Then, the categories such as pilgrimage, treatment prayer, the person whose prayer is granted, and prayer writer were extracted from the interviews. After that, we did a survey and interviewed with 95 customers of the infertility centers of Mazandaran province using a random sampling method. The findings of the survey revealed that treatment prayer (21%) and pilgrimage (16%) had highest frequencies while seeing the local practitioner and believing in magician (2%) had the lowest frequency. In the end, based on the factors such as education, age, infertility time, place of residence, and family's income, the possibility of choosing each treatment method was examined.
A. Khatibi
Volume 16, Issue 2 , July 2016, , Pages 135-169
Abstract
Many studies have shown that the decrease in the compatibility of couples is a
serious threat to the survival of families. The main goal of this study is to
investigate the effects of compatibility factors on the family cohesion amongst
Hamedani ethnic groups. In order to collect the data, I did a ...
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Many studies have shown that the decrease in the compatibility of couples is a
serious threat to the survival of families. The main goal of this study is to
investigate the effects of compatibility factors on the family cohesion amongst
Hamedani ethnic groups. In order to collect the data, I did a survey and selected
147 people from the three different ethnic groups in Hamedan city, namely
Persian, Turkic and Lori groups, by the use of the multi-stage simple random
sampling. Then to interview the respondents, I modified Filisinger and Spanier
questionnaire. It is also important to add that the analysis unit was the individual.
The findings show that the compatibility factors do not have the same effect on
the family cohesion. Furthermore, the results of stepwise multiple regression
revealed that “unity of thought” in Turkic families, “marital satisfaction” within
Persian families and “consensus” within Lori families are more important than
the other factors. These differences arise from their various histories and
subcultures
H Safari; E Tofigh
Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2009, , Pages 136-177
Abstract
This paper tries to criticize the linear (evolutionary) reading of Durkheim`s theory- which ignored all different histories in the favor of dominant history- either at evolutionary material determination level or at the level of its approach to consciousness. for this reason by constructing the ...
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This paper tries to criticize the linear (evolutionary) reading of Durkheim`s theory- which ignored all different histories in the favor of dominant history- either at evolutionary material determination level or at the level of its approach to consciousness. for this reason by constructing the concept of gravity of mechanical solidarity proposes a dialectical relationship between various kinds of solidarity in different historical periods. This is primarily based on Giddens`s discontinuist interpretation of modern history and avoiding transitional period approach. Then in empirical level, by operationalzing the above concepts and applying quantitative methods in Tehran, the relationship between gravity of mechanical solidarity and abnormal Forms has been examined. In so doing, the effect of particular concepts inscribed in abnormal Forms on gravity of mechanical solidarity has been revealed. And several phenomena which previous readings were enable to explain or consider them as exceptional has been conceptualized.
Khayam AziziMehr; Sedigheh Piri
Abstract
This article deals with the culture and lifestyle of the upper class in Iran. In this study, the upper class is defined by one's occupation, income, location of residence, house, and car model. We used thematic analysis of the qualitative method. In addition, we selected 22 people as our research sample ...
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This article deals with the culture and lifestyle of the upper class in Iran. In this study, the upper class is defined by one's occupation, income, location of residence, house, and car model. We used thematic analysis of the qualitative method. In addition, we selected 22 people as our research sample and carried out semi-structured interviews. Moreover, the concepts of lifestyle and culture were defined based on the theory of Bourdieu, Veblen, and Eliot. Research findings demonstrated that the Iranian upper class has low cultural knowledge and literacy, multi-tastes, and cultural ambivalence. Therefore, it is hard to identify a typology of a distinct lifestyle.
Abbas Gorghi; Saeed Goodarzi
Abstract
In general, research is divided into quantitative and qualitative categories. Qualitative research has several types, most notably ethnography, grounded theory, phenomenology, discourse analysis, hermeneutics, and semiotics. Critical ethnography is a kind of ethnography rooted in the Chicago School and ...
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In general, research is divided into quantitative and qualitative categories. Qualitative research has several types, most notably ethnography, grounded theory, phenomenology, discourse analysis, hermeneutics, and semiotics. Critical ethnography is a kind of ethnography rooted in the Chicago School and developed by the Birmingham Center for Contemporary Cultural Studies in England. The main purpose of critical ethnography is to critique and interpret culture and change it in favor of equality of power in social relations and the empowerment of subjects under study. Therefore, critical ethnography is always related to the problem of power, and change, value-orientation and the relationship between agency and structure are among the characteristics of this method. One of the methods in critical ethnography is the method of Carspecken that emphasizes the communication experience and has been influenced by pragmatism, neo-marxism, and phenomenology. By placing the concept of validity within the theory of meaning, Carspecken emphasizes the inner relationship between meaning and validity. He has a five-step approach to critical ethnography. These are: collecting original documents; analyzing collected observational data; generating conversational data (emic approach); the discovery of relationships between what is discovered and the fields broader and, finally, linking the findings from the earlier stages to macro-sociological theories and constructions, to illustrate the processes of production and social reproduction.
E Fiyozat; R Taslimi Tehrani; A Dadgar
Volume 10, Issue 3 , September 2009, , Pages 141-160
Abstract
The present article introduce Mahatma Gandhi’s thoughts (specially non-violence) and tries to study Gandhi‘s effects on social movements in the current world.
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The present article introduce Mahatma Gandhi’s thoughts (specially non-violence) and tries to study Gandhi‘s effects on social movements in the current world.
K. Kazemi; A. Mostafapour
Volume 14, Issue 1 , March 2011, , Pages 142-172
Abstract
This study examines the Kurds’ collective memory in Boukan. The concept of collective memory is a new realm of sociological investigation, especially among studies of Iran’s social groups. The most important historical points in collective memory of Kurds and the way they regarded them as ...
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This study examines the Kurds’ collective memory in Boukan. The concept of collective memory is a new realm of sociological investigation, especially among studies of Iran’s social groups. The most important historical points in collective memory of Kurds and the way they regarded them as important, is the main problem of this study. We asked three most important events of Iran s’ history from 9 decades ago. Theoretical framework of study is Maurice Halbwachs’ theory of collective memory. The respondents’ attitudes toward their identities in four aspects are independents variables. Using survey method and upon cluster sampling, the questionnaire has been responded by 342 people. According to the respondents; The Islamic Revolution of 1979, the Mahabad State of 1945, the Oil Nationalization, the Imposed War and Iran’s presidential election of 2009, are the prominent events. Kruskal Wallis test shows significant difference relationships between age and attitude toward religious identity with first important events; the age and education with second important events; the education and attitude toward national identity for the third important events. The main reasons mentioned by respondents to justify importance of Islamic Revolution is religious one, building a state for Mahabad State of 1945, the trauma and damage for war, preserving national benefits for Oil Nationalization Movement and protest for the Iran’s presidential election.
K. Kazemi; A. Mostafapour
Volume 15, Issue 1 , March 2013, , Pages 142-172
Abstract
This study examines the Kurds’ collective memory in Boukan. The
concept of collective memory is a new realm of sociological investigation,
especially among studies of Iran’s social groups. The most important historical
points in collective memory of Kurds and the way they regarded them ...
Read More
This study examines the Kurds’ collective memory in Boukan. The
concept of collective memory is a new realm of sociological investigation,
especially among studies of Iran’s social groups. The most important historical
points in collective memory of Kurds and the way they regarded them as
important, is the main problem of this study. We asked three most important
events of Iran s’ history from 9 decades ago. Theoretical framework of study is
Maurice Halbwachs’ theory of collective memory. The respondents’ attitudes
toward their identities in four aspects are independents variables. Using survey
method and upon cluster sampling, the questionnaire has been responded by 342
people. According to the respondents; The Islamic Revolution of 1979, the
Mahabad State of 1945, the Oil Nationalization, the Imposed War and Iran’s
presidential election of 2009, are the prominent events. Kruskal Wallis test
shows significant difference relationships between age and attitude toward
religious identity with first important events; the age and education with second
important events; the education and attitude toward national identity for the third
important events. The main reasons mentioned by respondents to justify
importance of Islamic Revolution is religious one, building a state for Mahabad
State of 1945, the trauma and damage for war, preserving national benefits for
Oil Nationalization Movement and protest for the Iran’s presidential election.
Hossein Sarvari; Hasan Mohadesi; Reza Samim
Abstract
This article has discussed religious attitudes toward music in post-revolutionary Iran. We examined the positions of these attitudes on music using Mohaddesi's classification of attitudes into religious conservatism, religious reformism, and religious reconstructionism. To this end, we employed the documentary ...
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This article has discussed religious attitudes toward music in post-revolutionary Iran. We examined the positions of these attitudes on music using Mohaddesi's classification of attitudes into religious conservatism, religious reformism, and religious reconstructionism. To this end, we employed the documentary method and Max Weber's theoretical framework. Then, we attempted to identify the approaches of these attitudes to music regarding the indicators of singing such as trading, teaching, Sama dance, listening, playing, definition, recognition, and exceptions. The finding demonstrated that the first attitude considers any kind of music taboo except for wartimes. The second attitude with the use of the concept of "al-faragh area" divides music into three different groups: halal, taboo, and dubious. In the third attitude, social conditions, contexts, and the actor are of significance and individuals refuse to consider music taboo. This study also revealed that the dominant religious tendency in Iran plays a relatively passive role in fighting the social pressures of music lovers. The authors believe that although the art institution has not gained its independence from the religion institution in contemporary Iran, the process of change is in favor of the art institution.
