scientific
siavash gholipour
Abstract
This article examines the rise and fall of the Kermanshah bazaar and its role in Kermanshah province in the 13th century. The theoretical approach of the article is based on the views of ‘Karl Polanyi’. To gather the data, we used the historical research method and examined documents and ...
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This article examines the rise and fall of the Kermanshah bazaar and its role in Kermanshah province in the 13th century. The theoretical approach of the article is based on the views of ‘Karl Polanyi’. To gather the data, we used the historical research method and examined documents and the Bazaar itself. According to the data, the following reasons made Kermanshah Bazaar flourish and gain a strategic position: the will of European countries to trade in the 19th century, the decline of Trabzon-Tabriz and Caucasus-Puti-Tabriz routes due to silkworm disease, digging the Suez Canal, and the use of steamships in the Tigris and Euphrates. The data also reveals that the Bazaar was imposed by the international system and it could not use capital, labor, and land in trade. Thus, it was a "docking market" that was outside the production mode and its role was limited to the city of Kermanshah. As a result, it changed the morphology of the city and attracted a large number of merchants to Kermanshah. After a century, however, with the outbreak of World War I, this bazaar fell because of the "Currency Inspection law" and the construction of the national railway.
scientific
mohammadamin mohammadpour; A. Baba safari; GH. Setoode
Abstract
The songs are the most effective artistic messengers to the community by using the music-absorbing context. Research in songs due to their popular origin is an effective way to understand the culture of society. For this reason, this paper examined social songs in the second Pahlavi period. After ...
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The songs are the most effective artistic messengers to the community by using the music-absorbing context. Research in songs due to their popular origin is an effective way to understand the culture of society. For this reason, this paper examined social songs in the second Pahlavi period. After expressing the characteristics of social songs, these songs have been classified in terms of usage and content, and we have dealt with their examples. The song is a general term that refers to a variety of melodic or accompanying forms of poetry, especially duets, quatrains, and ballads. Research findings show that social songs cover a significant part of the songs and the highest social frequency in songs occurs in the sixties and seventies. These songs are divided into sections of contemporary political songs and anthems of political organizations. In these songs, the realities of society and resistance against the dictatorship of the Pahlavi government were presented.
scientific
Hosein Ahmadi; A.M Hazeri
Abstract
Several factors have been taken into consideration in the eradication of corruption, but a more limited study has been done on the adult literacy factor. The purpose of this study is to study the positive role of adult literacy factors and intermediate mechanisms in reducing corruption. The study was ...
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Several factors have been taken into consideration in the eradication of corruption, but a more limited study has been done on the adult literacy factor. The purpose of this study is to study the positive role of adult literacy factors and intermediate mechanisms in reducing corruption. The study was conducted using international data. The period from 1970 to 2009 was the independent variable and its relationship with perception of corruption in the period 2012 to 2018 has been studied among 180 countries.Findings show that there is a positive relationship between education indicators and perceptions of corruption. In addition to the direct effect of adult literacy, the indirect effect of this variable through educational coverage (as an indicator of educational justice), the pupil-teacher ratio (as a symbol of democracy in the classroom), and the ratio of female students to total students (As a symbol of gender equality) was confirmed.
scientific
zahra mokhtarinia; forouzandeh jafarzadeh pour; Tahmineh Shaverdi
Abstract
Iran has implemented various population control policies during the past decades, and policies have had deep impacts on family as the smallest unit of society especially on women. This paper examines the Islamic Republic’s population policies and their impacts on unintended pregnancies. We employed ...
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Iran has implemented various population control policies during the past decades, and policies have had deep impacts on family as the smallest unit of society especially on women. This paper examines the Islamic Republic’s population policies and their impacts on unintended pregnancies. We employed grounded theory and carried out semi-structured interviews with 23 three participants who had experienced unintended pregnancies. To select the participants, we did purposeful and access sampling methods; this process stopped when we reached the saturation point. Generally speaking, 452 concepts, 47 sub-categories, and 15 main categories were extracted from the data. Then, the “dissatisfaction with government’s interference” and “imposed pregnancy” In addition, the mediating factors were poverty and expensiveness. The participants’ strategies were as follows: asking for supporting packages and suppressing demands which in turn put more pressure on low income families and create dissatisfaction.
A. Ahmad nezad; yaghub ahmadi; A. Edrisi
Abstract
The main question of the present study is to analyze the concept of the modern state in the thinkers’ thoughts of the Qajar era and their normative view on the definition of the scope and framework of the modern state. Using historical sociology, this paper attempted to recognize the state-building ...
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The main question of the present study is to analyze the concept of the modern state in the thinkers’ thoughts of the Qajar era and their normative view on the definition of the scope and framework of the modern state. Using historical sociology, this paper attempted to recognize the state-building trends and investigate the mental-intellectual structure of Iranian intellectuals about state and politics in the Qajar period. The analysis of the available documents reveals that the practices such as eliminating opposition groups and centralizing power, modernizing the judiciary or reforming the structure of the army, and even entering the global economic system, by themselves could not result in the formation of a state. In contrast, the issue of territorialization and the accumulation of capital in modern Persia were central in the state-building process. In addition, Mirza MalekomKhan, a leading intellectual in the Constitutional era, enlightened the nature of the state and its mechanisms by emphasizing the monopoly of power, the establishment of an efficient court, the restructuring of the army, and the need for national unity. It is important to note that MalekomKhan’s ideas about the intellectual basis of modern state overlap with Charles Tilly’s; they both believed that in multi-ethnic societies such as Iran, building a national state based on a territory like the United States and Switzerland is more suitable.
scientific
ali khosravi; S. Memar
Abstract
The situation of sociology in Iran is problematic; the studies have never explained the process of this situation. To study this problematic situation, we used the method of conditional/consequential matrix. According to the research findings, the core category leading to this was a lack of formal recognition ...
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The situation of sociology in Iran is problematic; the studies have never explained the process of this situation. To study this problematic situation, we used the method of conditional/consequential matrix. According to the research findings, the core category leading to this was a lack of formal recognition of sociology. The lack of formality of sociology in the general sense was due to the lack of recognition of several categories, including the lack of social recognition of sociology, and the lack of recognition of sociological criteria. This situation, at the micro-level, is related to scientific communities and sociological actors; at the intermediate level, it is connected to public and academic knowledge; at the macro level, it is related to economic, political, and ideological fields; at the super macro level, it is connected to the international order, the oil state, and the experience of modernity.
