Iranian Journal of Sociology

Abstract The present study aims at investigating the relationship between ethnocentrism and religion among Iranian Kurds using a social-interpretative approach. The research methodology is qualitative and the data was obtained via in-depth interviews. The grounded theory was used for analyzing the findings. Based on qualitative-purposive sampling method and the theoretical saturation criterion, 31 Sunni and Shiite Kurdish residents of different cities of Kermanshah province participated in this research, and their perception and interpretation of ethnocentrism, and its relationship with religion were investigated and analyzed. Firstly, the collected data categorized into 53 basic concepts, 14 major categories and finally 2 core categories and was analyzed. Secondly, 28 concepts were obtained for Sunni Kurds, and broken down to 7 major categories , including integrated Kurdish identity, dissatisfaction with government, secular interpretation of religion, the preference of ethnicity to religion, alienation to the Iranian identity, the self-determination right, and the role of ethnic elites. Then they were categorized under one core category, "secular Kurdish nationalism". Furthermore, 25 concepts were obtained for the Shiite Kurds, and broken down to 7 categories, including Kurdish ethnic identity, Iranian national identity, dissatisfaction with government, compatibility of religion and ethnicity, emphasis on the cultural rights of Kurdish ethnic group, secular interpretation of religion, and the lack of historical consciousness. Finally, a core category entitled "cultural ethnocentrism" was defined for them. A comparison of different categories obtained for the two interviewed groups, Shiites and Sunnis, revealed that they show similarity in two categories "dissatisfaction with government" and "secular interpretation of religion", however in other cases such as the interpretation of Kurdish identity, Iranian identity, and the relationship between religion and ethnicity they show major differences.

Abstract What should be the characteristics of public sociology in Iran? This normative question is important, since public sociology is still in its early stages in our country. To me the roots of public sociology are in the public sphere. Therefore, I will review the major theoretical perspectives on public sphere, including Haberma’s and Arendt’s t perspectives. Then I will focus on Burawoy’s narration for public sociology and compare it with those perspectives in order to propose an alternative narration. In the second section of the paper, I will review the institutional and non-institutional part of the public sphere in Iran. This paper claims that Iranian public sphere is in harmony with Arendt’s perspective. At the end, based on the characteristics of Iranian public sphere, I will propose an outline of public sociology in the above society, and mention its theoretical and methodological aspects.

Abstract This article is about the notion of ideology in Gabriel Tarde’s sociology. In 19th century, inspired by the Leibnitz’s philosophy, Tarde pursued his project in comparison with Emil Durkheim’s sociology. Bruno Latour calls Tardean sociology as the sociology of transmission. This concept shows how that kind of sociology can challenge the dominant social and political ideology. Regarding the late sociology, it is important to study his thoughts. To understand the social agent, he proposes three terms: imitation, opposition and adaptation. For Tarde, the mentioned agent with his innovation can generate new social currents- the innovation develops through imitation process and becomes a socio-cultural phenomenon. Therefore, there is a changeable process in everyday life which starts with the smallest social elements and challenges the dominant ideology.

Abstract Citizenship is not only a social status but also a social role which, based on the way it is perceived, the agent influence their position. The citizenship role, like any other social role, is composed of the norms which form the underlying rights and obligations in it. In every society, the kind of attitude towards these norms stabilizes a special kind of citizenship status. In this article, to design a normative pattern, we review the political and sociological literature. For this purpose, the citizenship role is divided into two parts of rights and obligations and then three ethical, social and legal normative groups have been identified in this role. After construction of the mentioned pattern, the following question is investigated: what is our citizens’ attitude towards the constructed pattern? We employed a survey and questionnaires to gather the data. The population was Tehrani citizens above 18 years old and 401 respondents were selected as the sample. The findings indicate that the highest positive attitude is for the legal norms and the least degree of positive attitudes is for ethical norms. The findings make our pattern more similar to the Eastern Europe's norms of citizenship.

Abstract The present study investigates the way in which the women encounter patriarchy in their private lives. For this purpose, their lives transformation in the stages of gender stereotypes, marriage, ideal femininity, matrimony and private life.have been considered. Our theoretical framework is based on the ideas of Pierre Bourdieu and the research method is qualitative. To collect the data, we employed semi-structured and in-depth interviews. In this survey, according to Pierre Bourdieu’s cultural capital indices, we have divided the women into three different groups: traditional, modern and educated. These groups have been interviewed based on four fundamental patriarchal indices in the survey including male identity, male-orientation and male dominance. The result of the study shows there were reproduction and resistance intermittently which depend very much on correspondents’ cultural capital and field experiences. The importance of those indices was not equal. In some cases, the structural pressure of the indices makes them bring their attitudes nearer, in spite of their differences.

Abstract Interactions and relationships between university students and teachers (lecturers) are considered to be the most important interactional area of social structure of science. The purpose of this study is a sociological investigation of factors affecting the students’ interactions and relationships with professors. Different areas of interaction have been studied according to the theories of sociology of science and Bourdieu’s theoretical framework .The method of this study is a survey research. The data has been collected by using questionnaires and analysed by the use of the SPSS software. The population is the students of Payame noor , Nonprofit and Azad universities of Pole Dokhtar city. Research findings show that capitals could be changed to one another and the position of individuals in the science field is determined by the amount of their cultural capital. In the last section of this paper we offer suggestions and solutions to strengthen the effect of relationships and interactions in the development of scientific institutions .Besides, the interactions and relationships between professors and university students with the amount of their capitals were significant.

Abstract